导　　师： 张玉银;吴晓东

学科专业： 080204

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 上海交通大学

摘　　要： 随着世界范围内能源与环境问题的日益突出，传统内燃机车在能源消耗与环境污染等方面突显出的问题日益严重。电动汽车以其无污染，零排放，燃料清洁可循环利用的特点而越来越受到人们的关注。而在电动汽车的发展过程中，人们逐渐认识到了两个问题，一是在整车设计上，目前的许多电动汽车依然沿用着传统的承载式车身,以及集中式的驱动系统，使电动汽车没能发挥出其应有的特点和优势；二是电动轮的出现使电动汽车获得了许多传统内燃机车所不具有的新特点，如对驾驶员命令的快速响应，转矩独立输出以及信息快速反馈等，电动轮所带来的这些新特性为整车控制系统的设计提供了新思路。本文围绕上述两个问题，以四轮独立电驱动汽车为平台，对电动汽车结构及控制系统设计所涉及的理论方法与关键技术展开研究。 首先，针对整车结构设计，提出了模块化的思想，并以此为指导搭建了四轮独立电动汽车仿真实验平台。产品开发的模块化以功能可分为前提，汽车，尤其是电动汽车，是典型的多零部件组装产品，通过对其功能划分而进行模块化设计，可有效提高各部分间的独立性，降低生产成本的同时也满足了人们对于个性化的需要，符合电动汽车的发展趋势。本文提出模块化电动汽车的概念并不针对某一特定形式的电动汽车，而是更一般角度上的对电动汽车整体结构设计的新尝试。 在搭建的四轮独立电驱动平台上重点针对分布式冗余驱动的技术难点进行了研究，提出了利用电机特性的新型整车控制技术。首先针对车辆运行的驱动防滑问题，提出基于变量Ra t的单变量防滑控制方法，该方法是在充分利用电动轮传感器，执行器与驱动器作用的基础上，对车轮的滑移率进行调节以使其保持在安全范围内，从而有效� With the increasing concern on issues of energy shortage andenvironmental pollution all over the world, the shortcomings of traditionalICEV /(Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles/) have become more and moreclear in these certain areas. On the other hand, EV /(Electrical Vehicle/),regarded as a potential successor, has drawn more attention with itspreferable characteristics of less pollution, zero emission and recyclableenergy in recent years. Companied by the development, EV has strickenresearchers with two distinguished merits. First, most the vehicle structuresdesigned for EV are integral body construction equipped with centralizeddriving system, which are unable to achieve the full potential that aremeant to be achieved by EV. Second, the application of electrical wheelshas brought EV with more functions that are unable to be handled by ICEV,i.e., quick response to the driver, independent torque output andconvenience in information feedback. All of these new features havebrought new thoughts on the design of vehicle control system. Taking thetwo points into consideration and based on the experiment platform offour-wheel drive, this paper will talk about methods and key technologiesrelated to the structure and control system of EV design. Aiming at the construction of the electrical vehicle, the modularthought is put forward and directs the establishment of four-wheel drivingvehicle experiment platform. The modular thought was based on theseparation of products, both in mechanism and in function. Vehicle is a typical object that is assembled by separate parts. This is especially true forEVs. The independence of separate parts through the modular design,which is based on functional partition, is improved, which will reduceproduction costs and satisfy personal needs as well. The method talkedabout in this paper is not limited to any distinguished kind of EV, instead,it is a new trial on EV design. A lot of efforts are put on the redundant driving technology designused on the distributed driving system. Two n

关 键 词： 电动汽车 模块化 驱动防滑 电子差速

领　　域： [机械工程] [交通运输工程] [交通运输工程]