导　　师： 王振波

学科专业： 0807

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国石油大学华东

摘　　要： 随着人类世界的快速发展，石油作为全球重要的战略资源，消耗量与日俱增。原油乳化日益严重，脱水破乳难度大大增加，不但增加输送能耗、腐蚀管道设备，还造成严重的环境问题。因此，开发一种高效、节能、适用性强的油水分离设备是石油生产企业亟待解决的难题之一。本文借助微观可视设备，对脉冲电场下乳状液分散相的运动特点进行了全面的研究，深入认识和了解影响破乳过程的各种因素。 文中采用高频脉冲矩形波电源，自制电聚结可视单元，分别考察电场参数/(电场强度、电场频率和占空比/)和物性参数对电聚结过程中分散相液滴的迁移速率、变形、聚合以及反弹的影响规律；采用正交试验方法，找出影响液滴聚结速率的主因子；进一步探索影响液滴聚合的其他因素。 通过系统的实验和分析，得出电场参数和物性参数对液滴变形度、相互靠近速率以及融合时间的影响规律；由正交实验分析，得出电场参数对液滴聚并速率影响的主因子；进一步探索得到不同因素对液滴反弹时临界电场强度的影响规律等。上述实验研究和理论分析工作，为重质劣质原油乳状液脉冲静电破乳的深入研究奠定了基础。 With the rapid development of the human world, oil as an importance strategic resourceof global，its consumption grows with each passing day. But the crude oil emulsification, thedifficulties of dehydration and demulsification increase greatly. It not only increases theconsumption of energy, corrodes the pipelines and equipment, but also causes seriousenvironmental problems. Therefore, the development of a high efficiency, energy saving,strong applicability of the oil-water separation equipment is one of the problems to be solvedin petroleum production enterprises. With the help of micro visual equipment, we made acomprehensive research ofthe movement of the droplets in the high-frequency pulsed electricfield, and deeply understood of factors affecting demulsification process. In this paper, using high frequency pulse square wave power supply, self-made electricalcoalescence visual element, we investigated the influence laws of the electric field /(electricfield intensity, frequency and duty cycle/) and the physical parameters on the movement,deformation, aggregation and rebound of the dispersed phase. By using the orthogonal testmethod, We found out the main factor influencing coalescence of each droplet, and furtherlyexplored the other factors influencing polymerization of each droplet. Through detailed experiments and analysis, we found out the influence laws of theelectric field /(electric field intensity, frequency and duty cycle/) and the physical parameterson the movement, deformation, aggregation and rebound of the dispersed phase. From theanalysis of orthogonal experiment, we knew the main factor which affected the coalescencerate of each droplet, we also found out the influence laws of different factors on the criticalelectric field strength which made the droplets rebound. The experimental study andtheoretical analysis above, laid a good foundation for the further study of the demulsificationof the heavy crude oil emulsion using pulse square wave power supply.

关 键 词： 原油乳状液 聚结 电场强度 频率 正交实验

分 类 号： [TE624.1]

领　　域： [石油与天然气工程]