导　　师： 张兴

学科专业： 090403

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 西北农林科技大学

摘　　要： 本研究在对宁夏地区具杀虫活性植物资源系统调查的基础上，以枸杞蚜虫、木虱、蓟马等枸杞主要害虫为靶标，开展具有较高杀虫活性植物的筛选，并对筛选出的优势植物进一步开展资源利用初步研究。通过系统研究，主要取得了以下结果： 1.通过系统调查，明确宁夏具杀虫活性植物有29科58属75种，主要集中在毛茛科、豆科、大戟科等，其中，资源量丰富的植物主要有苦豆子/(Sophora alopecuroides/)、牛心朴子/(Cynanchum komarovii/)、葡根骆驼蓬/(Peganum nigrllastrum/)、披针叶黄华（Thermopsis lanceolata）、乳浆大戟/(Euphorbia esula/)等。 2.采用不同溶剂提取植物活性物质，并针对枸杞主要害虫枸杞蚜虫（Aphis sp.）、枸杞蓟马（Psilothrips indicus Bhafti.）、枸杞木虱（Paratrioza sinica Yang et Li.）若虫开展室内生测，筛选出对枸杞主要害虫均具有较高杀虫活性的植物为伏毛铁棒锤、狼毒、披针叶黄华及乳浆大戟。 3.室内毒力测定结果得出，狼毒/(Stellera chamaejasme/)、伏毛铁棒锤/(Aconitumflavum Hand.-Mazz./)、乳浆大戟及披针叶黄华4种植物提取物对枸杞蚜虫的LC50分别为529.73、822.90、303.79和258.90mg//L，其中披针叶黄华和乳浆大戟表现较为突出。 4.以金雀花碱为对照标准品，用分光光度法测定披针叶黄华不同部位的生物碱含量顺序为种﹥叶﹥根﹥茎；测定披针叶黄华不同生育期的生物碱含量顺序为果期﹥花期﹥苗期。 5.室内生测结果表明，披针叶黄华根、茎、叶、种不同部位活性物质提取物在0.05g//mL剂量下，24h时对枸杞蚜虫的校正死亡率分别为61.64/%、50.47/%、59.16/%、63.80/%。披针叶黄华苗期、花期、果期活性物质提取物在0.05g//mL剂量下，24h时对枸杞蚜虫的校正死亡率分别为49.46/%、56.81/%、58.39/%。 6.通过分析比较，明确披针叶黄华根、茎、叶、种不同部位、不同 In this study, through systemic investigation of insectical plant resources in Ningxia, andon the basis, the plant with high pesticides activity which mainly aimed at the wolfberryaphids, phylloxera and thripidae were screened. And the research content of plant resourcesutilization from thermopsis lanceolata to avoid the adverse impact in resource utilization.This research mainly obtains the following results: 1. Through the system investigation in Ningxia, we collected pesticide activitycharacteristic plants of29families and58genera and75species, which were mainlyconcentrated in the Ranunculaceae, legume, Euphorbiaceae. Among them, Sophoraalopecuroides, Cynanchum komarovii, Peganum harmala, Thermopsis lanceolata,Euphorbiaesula had a wide distribution and abundant population density in Ningxia. 2. Extraction of plant active substances with different solvents, we conducted alaboratory bioassay of aphifs, thrips, nymphal development, and found that Aconitumflavum,Stellera chamaejasme,Thermopsis lanceolata,Euphorbia esula have highinsecticidal activity against pests wolfberry. 3. The determination results of toxicity, the LC50of4kinds of plant extracts againstAphis sp. were822.90,529.73,258.90and303.79mg//L respectively. Thermopsis lanceolataand Euphorbia esula had the better performance than other two species. 4. In order to cytisine as the standard, we determined by Spectrophotometry that theactive substance of cytosine in different parts of the Termopsis lanceolata was seed> leaf>root> stem. Furthermore, we determine the active substances at different growth stages ofTermopsis lanceolata was fruit> flower> seedling. 5. Bioassay results showed that, the different parts of active extracts of Termopsislanceolata at the dose of0.05g//mL,24h after correction of Chinese wolfberry aphid mortalitywere61.64/%,50.47/%,59.16/%,63.80/%. The activity extracts of seedling, flowering, fruitingof Termopsis lanceolata at the dose of0.05g//mL,24h after correction of Chinese wolfberryaphid mortality were49.46/%,56.81

关 键 词： 宁夏 杀虫植物 枸杞蚜虫 披针叶黄华

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]