导　　师： 张瑞华

学科专业： 081201

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 山东大学

摘　　要： 无线传感网络/(WSNs, Wireless Sensor Networks/)是21世纪的前沿热点研究领域,已经被广泛应用于不同行业。作为无线传感器网络的基础应用之一,事件边界检测是一个重要的研究课题。无线传感器网络不同于传统网络,它由大量廉价节点构成,部署之后能够自组织形成网络系统,以数据为中心。传感器节点通过电池供电,能量受到约束,而且通常部署在恶劣的环境中,容易产生故障。这就限制了无线传感器网络事件边界检测算法需要采用一种高效节能,同时又具有较高容错性的方法。本文提出了两种事件边界检测算法,这两种算法都具有能量消耗低,容错能力强,检测精度高的优点。 首先,本文提出了一种基于曲面法向量的容错事件边界检测算法。该算法将监测区域的监测属性映射为三维空间中的曲面,曲面某点的三维坐标分别是检测点位置的二维坐标值和监测属性值。因为不能获得检测区域所有位置的检测值,所以将传感器节点作为曲面的抽样集构成一个三角网格曲面。对于三维曲面,变化明显区域的法向量和水平面法向量夹角大,而变化平缓区域的法向量和水平面法向量夹角小。因为事件区域和非事件区域的检测值具有明显差异,所以事件边界区域的三维曲面变化明显；而事件区域和非事件区域的内部检测值差异很小,所以两区域内三维曲面变化平缓。根据这一特点,该算法首先计算由传感器节点构成的三角网格曲面的各个节点的法向量与水平面法向量构成的夹角,然后通过与预定义阈值比较来判定传感器节点是否处于事件边界上。仿真结果显示该算法具有较高的检测精度和较低的误检率,因为算法采用分布式方法计算结果,减少了网络信息、传输,通信能耗小。 其次,本文还提出了一种基于熵的单节点触发容错事件边界检测算法。基于空间相关性的事件 Wireless Sensor Networks /(WSNs/) is a hot research field which has got much attention internationally in the21st century, it has been widely applied to many aspect in our society. As a base of the WSNs application, event boundary detection is an essential research subject. WSNs is different from the traditional network, it is a type of self-organized network formed by many cheap sensor nodes through wireless communication. Because of the feature of the WSNs, the sensor node is energy constrained, and the invalid and erroneous node localization can easily lead to node fail. So the event boundary detection algorithm must be energy efficiency and faulty tolerant. In this paper, we have proposed two kinds of distributed faulty tolerant event boundary detection algorithms. Both of the algorithms have the advantage of consume little energy, strong faulty tolerance and high detection precision. The first algorithm is Normal Vector based Fault-tolerant Event Boundary Detection Algorithm. In this algorithm, we map the detection value to3D surface, the3D coordinate was composed of the latitude, longitude and the detection value of the attribute. It is impossible to detect all location of the detection area, so we regard the sensor nodes as a sample of the area, and all of the nodes consist of a mesh surface. The angle of the normal vector between the surface and the horizontal plane is big in the event boundary, but small in both event area and non-event area. This is mainly because the detection values between event area and non-event area have sharp distinction, but the difference in event area or non-event area is subtle. Based on this feature, we compare the angle of the normal vector between the mesh surface and the horizontal with a predefined threshold to determine whether the node is an event boundary node or faulty. The result of the simulation shows this algorithm has a good performance. The second algorithm is Entropy based Single Node Trigger Faulty-tolerant Event Boundary Detection Algorithm. All of t

关 键 词： 无线传感器网络 事件边界检测 容错性 分布式

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术] [电子电信] [电子电信]