导　　师： 俞涛

学科专业： 080201

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 上海大学

摘　　要： 在经济全球化、全球信息化形势下，制造网格成为网络化制造领域新的研究热点。制造网格的最终目标是实现对制造资源的共享和协同工作，提供良好的服务质量/(QoS/)，以完成用户（服务请求者）提交的任务。 随着对制造网格研究的深入开展，基于制造网格应用服务的系统也变得越来越庞大，用户在使用这些庞大的系统时很难定位自己需要的服务。因此，开展能支持用户根据自己的需要选择应用服务以组织出个性化的制造网格平台的研究是很有必要的。制造网格系统可配置是指用户可以在基于应用服务的制造网格系统提供给用户的可选内容区中选择需要的应用服务加入自己的定制平台。通过提供支持应用服务自组织的平台可以使用户按照自己的实际需要组织出特定工作区性质的交互Portal，从而使得用户可以高效、快捷地使用系统，提高系统的可用性。 可靠性管理是制造网格中基础性和关键性的研究工作。在系统配置实施过程中，可靠性管理必须能够根据用户定制的组件模块和形态，给出该配置系统功能是否可靠，是否能满足用户的需求等预测结论，如其功能不完善，将制约制造网格的应用与推广。所以，可靠性管理的成功与否不仅关系到服务的效率和成败，同时直接决定制造网格用户的参与和接受程度。 论文深入分析研究了可配置制造网格系统的可靠性管理问题，从理论研究和实际应用的角度围绕可配置性及可靠性管理的若干关键技术展开，在制造网格可配置性、可靠性、系统性能评价及容错技术等方面进行了深入研究。可配置及可靠性管理关键技术的研究和实现，从技术上解决了影响制造网格在不同企业应用的瓶颈问题。 为了论文研究内容的全面展开，论文首先在分析和研究企业对信息系统需求的基础上，结合网络化制造的特点，构建了一个支持可配置服务的制造网格体系结构及其软件模块管理的系统结构，分析研究了可配置机制、制造网格软件模块、形态及制造网格Portal，为后续研究系统性能和可靠性奠定了基础。 由于制造网格系统的复杂性和动态性，在系统根据需求配置后，如果能够采用先进的预测方法预测其性能，用户在使用之前，将可以很好地优化配置，并极大地提高制造网格系统的使用效能，同时能够给用户提供更好的QoS；使用中可以了解设计资源、信息资源、系统资源等RMGS上的资源使用情况趋势，有助于建立任务提交规则、追踪系统优化以及规划将来的扩展或资源重新分布；使用后，通过RMGS监控评测信息可以查看RMGS性能，优化配置和实现资源的优化分布，对应用进行合理调度，以获得较高的性能；同时为未来升级或扩展RMGS系统提供依据。因此，性能评价也是可配置制造网格系统中的重要研究内容。 随着计算机功能的增强，软件规模越来越大，软件的体系结构也越来越复杂，软件的质量问题就变得越来越突出。软件质量是软件产品的灵魂。在众多的软件质量评估指标（功能性、可靠性、易用型、效率、维护性和可移植性）中，软件可靠性是最重要的指标之一。配置好的制造网格系统仍属复杂系统，如果配置的系统质量不过关，在实际使用中则经常会出现各种软件错误，严重的还会导致软件系统崩溃。因此，进行制造网格系统的可靠性研究就显得十分必要。 提高可靠性主要有避错和容错两条途径。避错即避免错误，即采用正确的设计和质量控制方法尽量避免将错误引进系统。但众所周知，无论采用何种技术，都不可完全避免故障的发生。实践证明，利用避错技术来提高系统的可靠性有一定的限度，超过这个限度将使系统的成本急剧上升。要想进一步提高系统的可靠性则必须采用容错技术，系统在发生异常、故障或者失败的情况下，不需要用户的人工干预，重新为系统选择合适的组件软件，进行重配置恢复。这样针对可配置制造网格系统（Reconfigurable Manufacturing Grid System，RMGS）建立容错系统机制的研究就很有必要了。 最后，对本文的研究内容进行了开发和应用验证，实现了可配置制造网格系统的性能评价、可靠性管理研究与容错管理研究，初步设计和实现了可配置制造网格系统可靠性研究的原型系统。通过一个该系统任务的应用实例验证了系统的合理性和可行性，获得了很多有价值的经验和数据，为制造网格系统可靠性管理的进一步完善和应用奠定了坚实的基础。 Under the tendency of economic globalization and information globalization,manufacturing grid /(MG/) has become the research focus in networked manufacturingfield. The final goal of MG is to realize manufacturing resource sharing andcollaborative working, provide the better quality of service /(QoS/), so as to accomplishtasks submitted by consumers /(service requestors/). With the deep research in MG, the system based on MG application is becomingmore and more complicated. It is hard for the user to choose the services that meettheir requirements. So it is necessary to provide the customized platform whichmatches the user's requirements. The reconfiguration concept in MG is to add theavailable service needed into the customized platform, which construct a newfunctional MG system. The user can access the MGS service effectively and quicklythrough the Portal, so that improve the system's availability. Reliability Management /(RM/) is fundamental and key research field in MG. Inthe process of system reconfiguration, the function of RM is judging new system'sreliability according to the component pattern, if the reliability can't meet the user'srequirements; the system is limited to application. The successful of RM is not onlyrelative to service efficiency and availability, but also decisive acceptance to RMGSusers. RM of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Grid System /(RMGS/) was analyzed in thisdissertation, both the theories research and the practical application are provided, thekey technologies in reconfigurability and RM fields was deeply studied, the contentsinclude reconfigurability, reliability, system performance evaluation and self-adaptivefault-tolerance. The application of the key technologies solved the bottleneck ofRMGS in different level enterprises. In order to realize the key technologies of RMGS, Firstly, the requirements forinformation system in enterprise is analyzed, combination with networkedmanufacturing, the architecture of RMGS and software module management areproposed. The mechanism of reconfigurability, MG software module and pattern andMG Portal are studied in this paper, the result is basis of follow-up systemperformance and reliability analysis. Because of the complexity and the dynamitic of MGS, the RMGS customized bythe user also has unstabitily. If RMGS performance and availability is forecasted bysome methods, then the configuration can be optimized in ahead, and efficiency ofRMGS is improved, the better QoS to user is provided. During the using process, theuser can understand the design resource, information resource, system resources andthe trend of RMGS on resource use, contribute to the establishment of job submissionrules, tracking system optimization and planning for future expansion or resourceredistribution; after using, the RMGS monitoring and evaluation information can beviewed in RMGS performance, the user can optimize the allocation of resources andrealize the optimization distribution, reasonable scheduling of application, to obtain high performance; at the same time, the data obtained in the process provide the basisfor the future upgrade or extension of RMGS system. Therefore, the performanceevaluation and forecast is important to RMGS. With the enhancement of computer function, software package is becomingbigger, architecture is becoming more complicated, the quality of software isbecoming more serious. The quality is the soul of software product. Among thequality assessment indices, such as function, reliability, easy-useful, efficiency,maintenance, transplant etc, the reliability is one of the most important issues. TheRMGS belongs to complicated system, if the RMGS' quality can't meet the user'srequirements and produce failure in application, then RMGS should be customizedagain by user and reliability of RMGS is important for application. In general, there are two ways to improve reliability, which is fault-avoid andfault-tolerance. Fault-avoid is to avoid fault, it adopts correct design and controlmethod the remove the fault, but can't avoid all fault in the process. Fault-tolerance isimportant in exception, failure or breakdown of RMGS. In order to improve RMGSquality and reliability, it is necessary to study the mechanism of self-adaptivefault-tolerance, when fault occurs in customization and optimization, system can beintegrated by appropriate component without manual intervene. Lastly, the main of the research achievement have been tested in ManufacturingGrid experiment platform.The system performance evaluation, reliability andself-adaptive in prototype RMGS was realized. The rationality and feasibility ofRMGS was verified, and got much valuable experience and data, it is fundamental toimporve and perfect the RMGS.

关 键 词： 制造网格系统 可配置 可靠性 性能 容错 移动代理 组件 数据库

分 类 号： [TP393.09]

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术]