导　　师： 朱国庆

学科专业： 081903

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国矿业大学

摘　　要： 随着我国社会经济的发展以及建筑科技的进步，现代化的大型公共建筑越来越多得在城市中出现。公共建筑在满足人们日益增长的需求的同时，其火灾事故也呈上升发展趋势。近年来重特大火灾事故多发生在公共建筑中，其原因一方面是公共建筑本身具有火灾隐患大、预防扑救困难等特点，另一方面是人员在逃生过程中的失误以及缺乏行之有效的逃生训练系统。因此，目前亟需建立成本低廉、能够重复利用的虚拟现实公共建筑火灾人员逃生训练系统。本文在分析X3D虚拟现实语言特性的基础上，对虚拟公共建筑建模、虚拟火灾场景建模、虚拟人员疏散场景建模以及虚拟现实公共建筑火灾人员逃生训练系统开发进行了研究。 以X3D虚拟现实语言基本的几何节点为基础，结合3D Studio Max软件建立了全尺寸虚拟公共建筑模型及其中的虚拟辅助疏散消防设备模型；利用Background背景节点和光线节点建立了虚拟环境；采用Viewpoint视点节点和NavigationInfo导航信息节点建立了虚拟导航系统。研究表明：利用空间坐标变换技术、纹理映射技术、实例化技术和外部引用技术，可以在建模过程中避免复杂的坐标计算；在不增加多边形数量的前提下，使立体空间造型更具真实感；减少内存占有率，提高渲染速度和质量，并实现结构化、层次化建模。 利用大涡模拟FDS软件模拟了公共建筑火灾场景，提出了有限细胞法在虚拟空间中呈现FDS模拟的火灾发展和烟气蔓延结果；采用基于SFPE模型的Pathfinder疏散模拟软件模拟得到火灾情况下自由人群的疏散情况，结合X3D虚拟建模语言的位置和方向差值器节点将模拟结果有效地展现出来；使用KeySensor按键传感器节点、Collision碰撞检测节点和Script脚本节点建立了受控人员疏散模型。研究表明：有限细胞法可以准确地呈现 With the development of economy and social progress in building technology in China, themodern large public buildings appear more and more in the city. Public buildings to meet thegrowing demand, while its fire accident has increasing trends. In recent years, major fireaccidents occurred in public buildings. The reason for this situation, on one hand, is due to thatpublic buildings has large fire hazard itself and great difficulty in preventing fighting. On theother hand, people make mistakes in the evacuation process, and lack of effective daily trainingsystem. Therefore, an urgent need to build low cost, re-use virtual reality public building fireescape training system exists. This paper analyzes the characteristics of X3D virtual realitymodeling language on public buildings for virtual modeling, virtual fire scene modeling, virtualreality evacuate scene modeling and a personnel escape training system in public building firewith several training scenario were studied. This paper builds a full-size model of virtual public buildings and auxiliary evacuationfirefighting equipments on the based of X3D virtual reality modeling language basic geometrynodes, combined with3D Studio Max software. Light node and Background node are used toestablish a virtual environment. Viewpoint node and node NavigationInfo navigation informationnode are used to establish a virtual navigation system. Studies shows that: the use of spacecoordinate transformation technique, texture mapping technique, living example technology andexternal references technologie can avoid complex coordinate calculations in the modelingprocess, and have more realistic without increasing the number of polygons in the premise, andreduce memory share for improving rendering speed and quality, and achieve a structured,hierarchical modeling. This paper uses large eddy simulation software FDS to simulate public buildings firescenarios. The finite cell method is presented to present fire and smoke development results inthe virtual space. SFPE model-based Pat

关 键 词： 虚拟现实 公共建筑 火灾 人员逃生 训练

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术]