导　　师： 周成泓

学科专业： 0351

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东财经大学

摘　　要： 目前为止，我国民事诉讼法或其他的法律和司法解释都没有明确环保NGO的环境公益诉讼原告资格。新修订通过的民事诉讼法新增了公益诉讼，但对适格主体仅表述为法律规定的“有关组织”。在实践中，关于环保NGO能否作为环境公益诉讼原告资格也不存在一个统一的做法。事实上，近年来民间环保组织数量呈上升趋势，随着公民法治意识的提高，已经有越来越多的环保NGO参与到环境公益诉讼中，甚至有一些取得了胜诉。在理论界，对环保NGO的主体资格形成了赞成与反对的两派，赞成派以诉讼信托理论、环境权理论、公众参与原则论证环保NGO适格主体的正当性，而反对派则认为公民个人或者国家机关才是适格主体。在国外公益诉讼制度中，大多数国家认可社会团体的正当原告资格。英美法系的美国和印度用判例法赋予了环保NGO主体资格，而大陆法系的德国和日本则通过立法的形式确立环保NGO主体资格。这些国外成功的实践经验为我国赋予环保NGO主体资格提供了有利的借鉴价值。实际上，在我国赋予环保NGO主体资格具有必要性和可行性。我国的环保NGO近几年来发展得比较好，而且环保NGO具有诸多公民个人和其他机关无法比拟的优点，如公益性、专业性和非营利性等。注重保护环保组织的权利，并赋予其提起环境公益诉讼的权利，是实现每个公民个体权利的重要手段，也是个人价值与社会价值的统一和结合。 除引言和结语外，本文一共分为三个部分。 第一部分概括了我国环保NGO环保公益诉讼原告资格的现状，内容主要包括相关立法规定、我国环保NGO提起环境公益诉讼的司法实践、我国关于环保NGO环保公益诉讼原告资格问题的理论争议。立法规定主要指的是民事诉讼法、其他法律和司法解释的规定；我国环保NGO提起环境公益诉讼的司法实践，这里主要是通过列举案例的形式。 第二部分重点阐述了环保NGO的环境公益诉讼原告资格问题的比较法分析。探讨了英美法系和大陆法系国家在环保NGO民事公益诉讼原告资格这一问题的相关规定和实践，比较两大法系的异同点，并总结其对我国的借鉴意义。 第三部分论证了环保NGO环境公益诉讼原告资格的理论依据，具体包括诉讼信托理论、环境权理论、公众参与原则，最后进行了环保NGO提起环境公益诉讼的必要性和可行性分析。 So far, whether the Environmental Protection NGO is a proper subject on public interestlitigation are not confirm in the Civil Procedure Law or other laws and judicialinterpretations. The new Civil Procedure Law adding an item of “commonweal litigation”which did not clear what is the “relevant organization”. And in practice there is no unifiedand certain means concerning whether the Environmental Protection NGO can be regard asthe plaintiff of environmental public litigation. Actually, the number of non-governmentalenvironmental organizations on the rise in recent years, with the improvement of theCitizen’s legal awareness, there has been an increasing number of Environmental ProtectionNGO involved in environmental public interest litigation and even some made victory. Intheory, there are two opinions in favor of and against to the subject qualification forEnvironmental Protection NGO, Proponents use litigation trust theory, theory ofenvironmental rights and principle of public participation to support their view which theEnvironmental Protection NGO is the proper subject. But the oppositions believe thatindividual citizen or national authorities is the suitable subject. The public interest litigationin foreign, most nationally recognized legitimate plaintiffs qualification of socialorganizations. United States and India is the common law which have given subjectqualification to the Environmental Protection NGO by case law. Germany and Japan is theCivil law which have given subject qualification to the Environmental Protection NGO bylegislation. The successful experience of these foreign in giving subject qualificationEnvironmental Protection NGO provided a favorable reference value to our country. In fact,subject qualification of Environmental Protection NGO has given the necessity andfeasibility. Furthermore the Environmental Protection NGO has many advantages thatindividual and other organs can not match, such as commonweal, professional and nonprofitetc. Focus on protecting the rights of environmental organizations, and giving them the rightto sue on Environmental Public Interest Litigation is an important means to achieve therights of every individual citizen Also unified and combined personal value and socialvalue. Besides preface and epilogue, this article is divided into three parts altogether. The first part generalizes the current situation of the Environmental Protection NGO’splaintiff qualification in environmental public litigation.The content mainly includes therelevant legislative regulations, the Environmental Protection NGO’s judicial practice inenvironmental public litigation, China's theory dispute against the Environmental ProtectionNGO‘s environmental public litigation plaintiff qualification. Legislative mandates mainly refers to the civil procedure law and other laws and theprovisions of the judicial interpretation; China’s Environmental Protection NGO putforward the public interest litigation in judicial practice, here mainly through listing cases.The second part expounds the comparative analysis of the Environmental Protection NGO’senvironment public litigation plaintiff qualification. Discusses the relevant provisions and practice of Anglo-American law system andcontinental law countries civil toward public litigation plaintiff qualification of theEnvironmental Protection NGO, comparing the similarities and differences of two lawsystems, and summarize its significance to our country. The third part expounds the theory basis of environmental NGO's environment publiclitigation plaintiff qualification, including the public trust theory, litigation trust theory, theoptimal theory, civil rights protection theory. Finally it has analyzed the necessity andfeasibility of environmental NGO's environment public litigation.

关 键 词： 环保 原告资格 环境公益诉讼

分 类 号： [D925.1 D922.6]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律]