导　　师： 鲁晓明

学科专业： 0351

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东财经大学

摘　　要： 分子遗传科学的快速发展和普及为我们对人体基因的本质属性和法律属性界定提供了有益的思路和参考，有助于我们认识基因的相关权利人对人体基因所拥有的权利性质和范围。基因权利是基于基因而产生的一种综合性的基本权利，它包含权利的主体、客体和内容三个部分。权利的客体是基因，我们应当从两个方面来看待：基因物质与基因信息。首先，人体基因是一种遗传物质，一旦身体的某一部分与身体分离（例如毛发、细胞、组织、器官等），作为身体分离部分的组成物质一同被利用处分时，在不违反法律和公序良俗情况下，可以将其看作是独立的物，可为物权之客体加以保护。其次，人体基因包含有人体的全部遗传信息，其上附着有某种人格法益，当一个人抛弃了器官或组织等基因物质时，并不当然地表示其有抛弃包含其中基因的意思。因此，我们所抛弃的身体部分，他人只要不干预到基因层次，就不会触及来源者的人格权，否则可以侵害人格权予以保护。 本文共分为四章，第一章界定了人体基因的概念及其相关概念，同时介绍了人体基因的特殊性和目前我国人体基因法律属性的学说争论，例如有人格权说、财产权说、新型无形财产权说和人类共同财富说等。第二章则着重阐述人体基因民法保护的难点以及域外法的比较考察，通过分析其各自优缺点，为我国人体基因的民法保护提供一个参考借鉴的作用。第三章是对我国人体基因民法保护的现状和存在的问题进行了具体的分析，从现实中找到解决问题的突破口，使后续解决更具有针对性。在本文第四章，以前文的分析为基础，对我国人体基因民法保护所存在的问题提出了针对性的建议与对策，如必须明确人体基因的民事权利属性与具体类型，明确人体基因提供者的权利范围，提高人体基因保护的法律位阶和厘清人体基因提供者权利的民事保护方式等，力求有效避免对我国人体基因民事权利的侵犯。 The rapid development of molecular genetic science has provided us with useful ideasand references to define the essential attribute and legal attribute of human genes,which helps us to understand the nature and scope of the rights to human genesrelated rights owned. Gene right is a basic right of comprehensive based on thegene, which includes subject, object and content of the rights.Object rights are genes,and we should be viewed from two aspects: genetic material and genetic information.First, the human genome is a genetic material, once a part of the body and bodyseparation /(such as organs, tissues, cells, hair, etc./), as a separate component parts ofthe body to be the disposition,without violating the law and public order and moralscase, it can be seen as a separate matter, for the object of property to be protected.Second, the human genome contains all the genetic information of the human body,on which there is some personality attached legal interest, when a person abandonedthe organ or tissue, such as genetic material does not represent the abandonedincluded gene. Therefore, for the body part we abandoned, others as long as nointervention to gene level, will not touch the provider's personality right, otherwiseyou can be protected against personal rights. This paper is divided into four chapters, the first chapter defines the concept of thehuman genome and its related concepts, as well as introduce the particularity ofhuman genes and the current controversy doctrine of legal property of the humangenome.The second chapter focuses on the difficulties of Civil Protection of thehuman genomet and comparative study of extraterritorial law, through the analysis oftheir respective advantages and disadvantages, as the Civil Protection of the humangenome to provide a reference from the role. Third chapter analyzes the currentsituation of Civil Protection of human genes and problems, find solutions to problemsof a breakthrough from reality, so that subsequent to solve more targeted.In the fourthchapter of this paper, put forward the suggestions and Countermeasures tosolve the problems of human gene protection of civil law of our country.

关 键 词： 人体基因 基因物质 基因信息 法律属性 民法保护

分 类 号： [D923]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]