导　　师： 严维石

学科专业： 020201

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东财经大学

摘　　要： 1949年新中国成立以来，我国一直以国有产权占主导，经历了计划经济体制到双轨经济体制再到社会主义市场经济体制的转变。2008年社会主义市场经济体制的初步建立，预示着我国基本完成“国家本位伦”到“企业本位论”的转变，目前进入以实现个人权益为中心的“个体本位论”时期。在各项改革和社会的演变中，如何使全体劳动者成为改革的利益主体，是实现社会主义本质和完善社会主义制度的首要任务。本文以新中国劳动力产权制度变迁的历程为线索，提出合理界定劳动力产权和有效实现劳动力产权是完成社会主义任务的关键，力图探索更有效率的劳动力产权制度变迁的路径。 首先，回顾了相关的理论文献，肯定了部分马克思关于劳动力产权的理论见解和新制度经济学对产权理论的研究，基本认同姚先国先生对于劳动力产权的权利界定，提出目前研究中的不足之处和有待改进的地方。 然后，为了更好地研究劳动力产权的制度变迁，在前人理论研究的基础上厘清产权、人力资本产权、劳动产权、劳动力产权之间的关系，对劳动力产权的界定进行辨析，指出劳动力产权核心是获取劳动成果的部分剩余索取权。为此，笔者提出一个劳动者剩余价值分割模型，探索新的财富分配方式。之后笔者简要分析了劳动力产权的特征，从新的角度去理解劳动者对自身劳动力的所有权。 在前文分析的基础上，详细回顾了中国经济体制改革过程中劳动力产权的制度变迁。文章从政府和市场两个主导因素来分析新中国劳动力产权制度的强制性和诱导性变迁，指出从计划经济到市场经济是劳动力产权摆脱国家和集体所有的扭曲状态逐步回归个人的过程，尝试摸索清楚中国社会经济发展规律中更有效率的劳动力产权安排和演变趋势。笔者用数据分析法证明了改革过程中我国劳动者并没有获得相应的权益，劳动力产权受到侵蚀。通过分析我国经济体制改革过程中劳动力产权制度变迁存在的问题和影响因素，来探索劳动力产权向个人回归和实现的有效途径。 最后，笔者得出结论，完善的劳动力产权制度应当以实现劳动者的剩余价值索取权为核心，需要优化劳动者剩余价值分割方式、创新企业分配制度、发展壮大工会组织，其中包括尝试构建有利于实现资本所有者和劳动力所有者利益最大化的企业剩余价值分割模型。劳动力产权的界定和实现是一个逐步的过程，与社会主义市场经济的完善和实现相辅相成。 Since the establishment of New China in1949, our country has undergone plannedeconomy, dual economy and opened socialist market economy under the domination ofstate-owned property rights. In2008China has initially built up the socialist marketeconomy, which means our country basically completed the transformation from “the theoryof national standard” to “the theory of enterprise ontology”, and now has been entering intocitizen standard theories that focus on individual’s rights and interests. How to make allmembers of society, especially our socialist laborers become the reformation’s mainbeneficiary during the social evolution, is the top priority of socialist nation. This essay takesthe institutional change of labor force property rights in New China as the clue, propose thatthe key to fulfil socialist task is to reasonably define labor force property rights and makethem effectively realized. This paper explores possible methods that labor property rightssystem could become more efficient with fewer obstacles. First, this thesis reviews some related theories, adopts some Marx’s theories about laborproperty rights and most neo-institutional economics’ property rights theory. In line withprofessor Yao Xingu’s definition of labor force property rights, the introduction also pointsout some shortcomings of existing studies and several potential points that can be improved. Then, in order to have a better study of the institutional change of labor force propertyrights, the author first clarifies the definitions of property rights, human capital propertyrights, labour property rights, labor force property rights and the connections between them,analyzes what rights should be included in labor force property rights, and points out thatworkers’ right to own a part of their labor fruits’ surplus is its key right. The writer comes upwith a labor surplus value segmentation model that explores a new way of wealthdistribution, and she also analyzes features of labor force property rights, interpretingworkers’ right to possess their own labor force in a new point of view. Next, a detailed change of labor force property rights during the process of China’seconomic system reformation is reviewed. This paper analyzes the institutional change oflabor force property rights from the aspect of leading factors, which is government andmarket. The author points out labor force property rights is getting rid of state and collectiveownership /(in which labor force property rights are distorted/), returning back to individualownership during the transformation from planned economy to market economy. From theabove, a clear idea of more efficient property rights’ arrangement and evolution trend are obtained. The author uses data to prove that Chinese labors haven’t obtained deserved rightsand interests through reformation; labor force property rights are violated by government andenterprises. Problems and influencing factors of labor force property rights’ institutionalchange are analyzed for probing into individual property rights’ effective ways of realization. Finally, we can come to the conclusion the complete labor force property rights’ core isthe right for worker to own a part of their own labor fruits’ surplus, for reaching that, laborsurplus value segmentation approach needed to be improved, new enterprise allocationinstitution needed to be created/&labor union organization needed to be developed andexpanded. The author tries to establish enterprise surplus value division model that aims atmaximizing the benefit of capital owner and labor owner both sides. The definition andrealization of labor force property rights is a gradual process that cannot be separated fromthe perfection and realization of socialist market economy.

关 键 词： 劳动力产权 制度变迁 市场化改革 剩余分割

分 类 号： [F249.2]

领　　域： [经济管理] [经济管理]