导　　师： 陈晓桦

学科专业： 050102

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： 汉字教学是拉美地区学生汉语水平发展的困难之一，也是提高该地区汉语教学水平的一大障碍。在哥伦比亚的汉语教学实践过程中,笔者发现汉语和西班牙语在文字上具有很大的差异性，这种差异加上汉字本身学习的“难学、难认与难读”的特点对哥伦比亚学生的学习产生了很多不利的影响，学生学习汉字的自信心也逐渐丧失了，长远来看会影响该校学生对汉语学习的兴趣以及汉语课程的设置，因此对哥汉字教学是汉语教学亟需解决的问题。但是国内外汉字教学的研究对象多倾向于来华留学生，关于拉美地区学生汉字偏误研究的文献很少。本文通过个案研究的方式，以哥伦比亚波哥大MONTESORRI BRITISH SCHOOL为例，通过搜集2013年至2014年10个月内该校四五年级学生汉字书写的的文本资料，并且对其进行了整理、分析、归纳和总结，得出了该校初级阶段学生的汉字偏误分为笔画、部件、结构和形近四个方面和笔画书写难点在于笔画的折及折的变形以及撇和捺的结论，并从西班牙语书写习惯、目的语泛化、词语之间的相互影响、汉语教材、课程设置、学生和教师因素等方面，分析了偏误产生的原因，最后总结出了相应的七条汉字教学策略，并将其实验于学生，取得了较好的教学效果。希望能通过提高该校及该地区的汉字教学，来推动汉语在拉美地区的发展。 Character education is one of the problems that hinder students in LatinAmerica from improving there level of Chinese, is also a major obstacle to improvethe level of Chinese language teaching in the region. During the internship of teachingChinese in Colombia, the author found the differences of Chinese and Spanishcharacters and the "difficulties of learning, recognizing and reading" of Chinesecharacter learning itself for students have caused a lot of obstacles, which makestudents feel boring,in the long term, it will affect the settings of Chinese courses inthis school, and the students' interest in learning Chinese, therefor, teaching Chinesecharacters of Colombia is the problem needed to be solved urgently. But the objects ofresearch of teaching Chinese characters are more inclined to foreign students whostudy in China, while rarely of students from Latin America. This paper use the meansof case studies, take MONTESORRI BRITISH SCHOOL in Bogota of Colombia,collected302copies as Chinese character information in10months from2013-2014,which belong to students of4thand5thwho take Chinese classes as compulsorycourses, via collation, analysis, summarize, come to some conclusions that theChinese character errors can be divided into four aspects:strokes, components,structures, nearly shape, and the difficulty lies in fold and fold deformation, skim andpress are included either, besides, analysis the reasons of Chinese character errorsfrom writing habits of Spanish, target language generalization, the mutual influencebetween the words, Chinese textbooks, curriculum, student and teacher factors factor.At last, according to the author of teaching experience, who summarized sevenstrategies, which have been testified by feedbacks of students, and made somesuggestions according to specific circumstances of this school, hope that throughimproving Character education in the region, to promote the development of Chineselanguage in Latin America.

关 键 词： 初级阶段 哥伦比亚 小学生 汉字偏误 教学策略

分 类 号： [G623.2]

领　　域： [文化科学]