导　　师： 张庆文

学科专业： 050211

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： 本论文研究汉语第一、二人称代词和第三人称代词在“自己”长距离约束中所产生的阻断效应中出现的不对称现象。之前的研究主要从句法和语用的角度，对汉语人称代词在阻断效应中所出现的不对称进行了解释。然而，鲜有理论能够对此提供满意的解释，究其原因主要在于没有任何理论真正触及到汉语人称代词的语法区别。 本论文提出了一个新的解释方案：汉语人称代词不同的语法地位导致了第一、二人称代词和第三人称代词在“自己”长距离约束中所产生的阻断效应中出现了不对称现象。根据Safir （2004）、 Partee （2004）和Déchaine＆Wiltschko（2002）对人称代词不同语法地位的研究，本文发现汉语人称代词同样具有不同的句法和语义地位：在语义上，汉语第一、二人称代词是饱和的常量，在句法上，它们是pro-DP。然而，在语义上，汉语第三人称代词是不饱和的受约束变量，在句法上，它们是pro-P。 为了解释汉语人称代词的语法地位和它们在“自己”长距离约束中所产生的阻断效应中出现的不对称现象之间的关系，本文假设第一、二人称代词和第三人称代词在语法地位上的关键区别在于人称代词的指代是否明确，以及人称代词内部是否存在指代的不确定性，不确定性的存在意味着人称代词内部存在语法//语义空位，而空位的存在为“自己”跨过人称代词，继续寻找长距离先行语提供了落脚点。 另外，本文还讨论了人称代词的不对称带来的相关问题。人称代词在语法地位上的差异，不仅使得第一、二人称代词和第三人称代词在长距离约束中所产生的阻断效应中出现了不对称，同时还导致人称代词在其他结构中表现出一系列的不对称现象，例如存现结构、修饰结构、量化结构和动词省略结构。第一、二人称代词和第三人称代词在“自己”长距离约束中所产生的阻断效应中出现的不对称只是这一系列不对称现象中的一个代表。第一、二人称代词和第三人称代词间的一系列不对称现象都是由这两类人称代词的不同句法和语义地位所决定的。 This thesis is a study on the asymmetry between the first//second and third personpronouns exhibited in the blocking effect of long-distance bound ziji self·in Chinese.The previous studies on the asymmetry between the Chinese personal pronouns in theblocking effect are mainly conducted from syntactic and pragmatic perspectives.However, few of them have provided a satisfactory account for it, for the reason thatnone of them has touched upon the basic grammatical difference between the Chinesepersonal pronouns. A new proposal is put forth in this thesis that it is the distinctive grammaticalstatus of the personal pronouns in Chinese that results in the asymmetry between thefirst//second person pronouns and the third person pronouns displayed in the blockingeffect in long distance binding of ziji self·. Following the studies on the distinctivegrammatical status of personal pronouns by Safir /(2004/), Partee /(2004/) and Déchaine/&Wiltschko /(2002/), I find out that the Chinese personal pronouns have distinctivesyntactic and semantic status as well: The Chinese first//second person pronouns aresaturated constants in semantics and pro-DPs in syntax while the Chinese third personpronouns are unsaturated bound variables in semantics and pro-Ps in syntax. To account for the relationship between the grammatical status of the Chinesepersonal pronouns and their asymmetry displayed in the blocking effect in longdistance binding of ziji self·, I assume that the crucial difference in grammaticalstatus between the first//second person pronouns and the third person pronouns lies inwhether the denotation of personal pronouns is clearly specified and whether there isany uncertain information in the denotation of personal pronouns. It is the uncertaintyin the denotation of personal pronouns which implies a slot in the syntactic andsemantic structure that eventually provides a landing site for the anaphoric reflexiveziji self· to cross over the personal pronouns and seek for its long-distanceantecedents. In addition, the relevant issues brought by the asymmetry between the personal pronouns are discussed in this thesis. The distinctive grammatical status of thepersonal pronouns in Chinese not only results in their asymmetry in the blockingeffect in long distance binding but also brings about a series of asymmetries betweenthem in other constructions such as existential constructions, modificationconstructions, quantification constructions and VP ellipsis constructions and so forth.The asymmetry between the two types of personal pronouns in the blocking effect inlong-distance binding of ziji self· is just a representative of these asymmetries. Allthe asymmetries between the first//second person pronouns and the third personpronouns are determined by the syntactic and semantic distinction between the twotypes of personal pronouns.

关 键 词： 人称代词 不对称 阻断效应 长距离约束

分 类 号： [H146.2]

领　　域： [语言文字]