导　　师： 吴国林

学科专业： 030205

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学

摘　　要： 本文尝试把“马克思主义中国化”作为一种文化观念来考察其发生、演变的过程及其规律。本人考察的不是马克思主义中国化的文化发展史的全部内容，也不是其全部思想形成史，是属于其思想形成史的一部分。是把“马克思主义中国化”作为一种文化观念是如何形成、演变和发展作为研究对象。当然，在这个文化观念形成过程中，必然涉及到马克思主义中国化的实践过程，以及马克思主义与中国传统文化、近代中国各种社会思潮、党内右倾和“左”倾机会主义思想的交缠、融合和斗争的错综复杂的关系。 本文的要义主要：第一，哲学有现实性与可能性范畴。从现实性入手，从文化发展史的角度，以实际与认识的辩证关系为原理，以历史与逻辑的辩证关系为方法，揭示“马克思主义中国化”文化观念形成、发展和成熟。马克思主义之所以能够来到中国，是因为鸦片战争后，中国陷入了半殖地半封建社会的落后地步，中国先进积极分子试图从西学“器、而后又西学制度、最后西学价值观等等，这就形成了很多“主义”涌进中国造就了条件，也为马克思主义进入中国创造了文化条件。马克思主义进入中国后，并不是在中国文化界地位很高，经过了20世纪初中国文化界的论争，逐步提升了马克思主义地位。尤其是辛亥革命的失败和十月革命的胜利，加强了马克思主义在中国的政治格局中的作用。在这个过程中，中国很多知识分子从民主主义者转向马克思主义者，这有一个艰难的心路历程。马克思主义进入中国并在中国革命发挥作用，并不是意味着它就能正确指导中国革命取得胜利，恰恰付出了惨痛代价。这些代价催生了“马克思主义中国化”文化观念的诞生。以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人以成功的革命实践证明了马克思主义中国化的必要性，并在理论上总结了马克思主义中国化的理论，并飞跃为马克思主义在中国理论的独立形态即“毛泽东思想。第二，从可能性角度入手，“马克思主义中国化”文化观念产生何以可能？一是因为中国文化的特点具有包容性和开放性；二是因为马克思主义一种先进的文化，而且其具有世界性价值和民族化的必然性诉求；三是因为马克思主义与中国文化在内容上有很多契合点；四是马克思主义以人民根本利益的政治立场能满足中国革命的需要；五是中国人民在近代中国人民追求民族独立、建立繁荣富强的国家的过程中形成的求解放、求自由、求民族独立的精神文化让马克思主义中国化成为可能。第三，研究“马克思主义中国化”文化观念的启示。通过“马克思主义中国化”文化观念发生、发展和成熟的历史现实性和可能性分析，我们从中可以获得很启发性的东西，如，文化自觉是中国获得革命胜利的文化动力，同样，也是我们取得中国特色社会主义建设事业的文化动力，今后，文化自觉仍然是我们民族走向繁荣富强的无形的力量。而让文化本身发展是让一个民族具有文化自觉能力的重要条件，文化发展本身的动力来源于多种文化矛盾的交织。 This paper tries to put 'Marxism' as a kind of cultural concept to study it,evolution process and its rules. My study is not the Communist Party of China'scultural development of sinicization of Marxism, also is not all of its history ofthoughts, but belongs to the part of the history of thoughts.'Marxism' as a kind ofcultural concepts is how to form, evolve and develop. Of course, in the process of thecultural concept formation, inevitably involve the practice process of sinicization ofMarxism, as well as Marxism and Chinese traditional culture, all kinds of socialideological trend in modern China, thoughts of the Party’s Right and “Left”opportunism twist, mix together and struggle of all complicated relationships. The core of this paper mainly: firstly, the philosophy possibly has actuality andpossibility. From reality, from the perspective of cultural history, to put practice andunderstanding of the dialectical relationship for principle, based on the dialecticalrelations of history and logic methods, reveal 'Marxism' cultural concept’s formation,development and maturity. Marxism was able to come to China, because of OpiumWar, China fell into the half colonial semi-feudal country lag behind, China advancedactivists tried to study “apparatus, then the western system, finally, western valuesfrom western countries, etc. It has formed a lot of “doctrine” pours into China and hascreated conditions, also created conditions of Marxism into Chinese culture. Afterentering China, Marxism had not got a high status in the Chinese cultural circles, afterthe beginning of the20th century Chinese cultural argument, gradually raised thestatus of Marxism. Especially the failure of The1911Revolution and the victory ofThe October Revolution, to strengthen the political situation of the Marxism in China.In this process, many intellectuals from democracy to Marxism in China hasexperienced a tough journey. Marxism came into China and has played an role in theChinese revolution, also it didn't mean that it can correctly guide the Chineserevolution victory, but paid a painful price. The price has given rise to the birth of “Marxism” cultural concept. To the success of the Chinese communists represented byMao Zedong from revolutionary practice has proved the necessity of sinicization ofMarxism, and theoretically summarized the success of sinicization of Marxism theory,and leap of Marxism in China's independent form of the theory of the' Mao Zedongthoughts. Secondly, from the possible perspective, why did the “Marxism” culturalideas come into being? The first one is because the characteristics of Chinese cultureis inclusive and open. The second is because Marxism is a kind of advanced culture,and its cosmopolitan values and nationalization of necessity demands. The third isbecause Marxism and Chinese culture in content have a lot of integrating points. Thefourth is because the Chinese people have pursued of national independence in themodern time, established a strong and prosperous country in the process of theformation of the liberation and freedom, independent spirit culture made it possiblefor the sinicization of Marxism. Thirdly, the enlightenment research to the concept of“Marxism” culture. Through cultural concept “Marxism” occurrence, developmentand maturity of historical reality and possibility analysis, we can obtain somethingthat is very illuminating, such as cultural consciousness is China's cultural revolutionvictory, similarly, we also made the construction of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics of cultural power. In the future, cultural consciousness is still ournation’s the prosperity of the invisible power. And making development of cultureitself is an important condition of national cultural consciousness ability, culturaldevelopment motivation comes from a variety of cultural contradictions interwoven initself.

关 键 词： 马克思主义中国化 文化观念 历史演进

分 类 号： [D61]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]