导　　师： 罗建文

学科专业： 010101

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湖南科技大学

摘　　要： 阿伦特从古希腊城邦的经验出发，试图恢复一种古典理想的公共生活方式，并且从亚里士多德、海德格尔和雅斯贝尔斯那里不断寻找实现其理想的理论资源，虽然她并没有建构一个理论体系，但是却以“公共性”为主线，探寻出了一条属于阿伦特的政治哲学的道路。 古希腊传统的公私二分在现代被打破是“公共性”丧失的主要原因，因为在阿伦特看来，公共领域是“公共性”的最重要形式。而公共领域与私人领域界限模糊的主要原因在于社会领域的出现和极权主义的兴起。因此，阿伦特从古希腊传统经验入手，对劳动、工作和行动进行了区分，同时还区分了与之对应的三个领域：私人领域、社会领域和公共领域。她认为行动与劳动和工作不同，行动是以自身为目的，它是自由的、自觉的。因为作为行动善恶的标准——判断，它具有共通感和扩展的精神，和判断是一致的，因而行动所达到的最后的结果就是公共意见的形成。虽然阿伦特区分了三种领域，并且十分推崇公共领域，但是她并没有要取消私人领域和社会领域，区分的目的在于让人们明晰各种活动的意义。同时，她还认为不能将私人领域和社会领域公共化，这是因为阿伦特公共性思想的主题是实现人的存在的意义，因此必须保护公共领域。当然，她的目的还是在于实现人的存在的意义，一方面，她要关怀作为自然生命的个体的诞生和死亡，即关怀人的生存；另一方面，她还要关怀作为政治动物的人的本质的实现，即关怀人的存在境况。 可以说，时代背景和个人独特的经历深深影响了阿伦特进行思考的方向和方式。因为无论是其人生经历还是她的思维解读的方式，无一不体现着政治性。除此之外，整个19世纪的思想家都深受传统的影响，马克思主义对西方思想传统的终结无疑也无形的影响着阿伦特，使得阿伦特的公共性思想与马克思主义理论具有了不谋而合的人文主义色彩和社群主义色彩。 阿伦特公共性思想作为西方政治哲学思想中的重要一环，对后来西方的政治思想家和政治哲学理论都产生了直接而深远的影响。不仅如此，阿伦特的公共性思想还为我国的政治民主建设和公共领域的建设提供了借鉴。 Arendt tried to recover an ideal classical public life style from the ancient Greekcity-state experience; and from Aristotle, Heidegger and Jaspers to constantly lookingfor the ideal theory resources to achieve her ideal. Although she did not construct atheoretical system, but she use "Public" as the main line and explored a politicalphilosophy Road that belongs to Arendt. The ancient Greek tradition of‘the distinctions between public and private’ hasbroken in modern society is the major reason for the lost of ‘public’, because inArendt’s opinion, the public realm is the most important form of the ‘public’. And,Arendt thought the major reasons of the limits of the public realm and the privatesphere are fuzzy is that the rise of social field and totalitarianism. Therefore, Arendtbegan to start from the ancient Greek tradition experience, distinguished labor, workand action, and also distinguished three corresponding areas: private sphere, socialsphere and the public realm.She believes that action is different from labor and work,the action is for the purpose of its own, it is free and conscious. Action and judgmentis the important thing to Arendt’s ‘public’, for she thought that action are accordantwith judgment, so the result of action is the formation of public views. AlthoughArendt distinguished the three areas and she has highly praised the public realm butshe never want to abolish the other two areas. The purpose of distinguish is to letpeople understand the meaning of different kinds of activities and to emphasize hercore idea. Also, she thought that private sphere and social sphere can not be public,because the theme of Arendt’s public idea is to realize the meaning of man existent,so she has to protect the public realm. Of course, Arendt’s purpose is still at realizingthe meaning of man’s existence. For one thing, she has to concern the individual asthe natural life, it has death and naissance. For another thing, she has to concern thepolitician’s realize in essence. All the years of her life was closely related to politics, which makes she use the‘public’ as the entry point to her thinking, use the essence of politics run thoughher whole public idea, and her ways to read mind and her life experience all showedout the political. So, we could say, time background and individuals' uniqueexperiences deeply affected Arendt in the ways and the directions when she was tothinking. Above these, the whole19century’s ideologists have deeply affected bytraditions, Marxism affected Western tradition thought definitely and invisibly and also affected Arendt. So, Arendt’s public idea has the same color of humanism andcommunalism to Marxism. As the most important ring in western political philosophy, Arendt’s public ideahas a direct and far-reaching influence on the later western political thinkers andpolitical philosophy theory, the representative figure is Habermas; Arendt’s publicidea is the direct source of his theory in public realm. What’s more, Arendt’s publicidea also provided reference to the democratic political constructure of China and theconstruction of public space.

关 键 词： 汉娜 阿伦特 公共性 公共领域 行动 世界

分 类 号： [B712.59]

领　　域： [哲学宗教]