导　　师： 蔡镇顺

学科专业： 0301

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： 中美汇率争端由来已久，尤其2001年中国加入WTO后，随着中国对美国贸易顺差的逐年增长，外汇储备的日益扩大，中国产品在美国市场的竞争力日益增强，美国对中国人民币汇率的法律行动日益增多，且有愈演愈烈之势。在这种情况下，为了能够对美国的指控应对自如，对中美汇率争端中涉及的法律问题进行解读和研析，就显得十分迫切。 笔者运用文献分析，比较分析，法理分析的方法对中美汇率争端中的汇率指控及管辖权归属问题进行研究。希望能够通过研究，为我国在处理中美汇率争端的问题上提供足够的理论依据与法律支持。 在本文中，笔者将美国的指控分为两个方面，一：将中国构成人民币汇率操纵或根本性汇率失调的指控划归为依据国际货币相关法律提出的指控；二：将中国构成汇率倾销或汇率补贴的指控划归为依据国际贸易相关法律提出的指控。通过研究两大指控之间的联系，美国依据国际货币法律提出的指控是依据国际贸易法律指控的基础。笔者通过解析美国在指控中的法律依据，证明中国没有构成汇率操纵的目的要素，对根本性汇率失调没有确定性的衡量标准，最终得出美国依据国际货币相关法律对中国人民币汇率提出的指控并不成立的结论。 诚然，既然有争议，就需要有一个组织或机构来对该争议作出最终认定，这就牵涉到汇率争端的管辖权问题，笔者通过分析IMF与WTO的关系，解析GATT第15条同IMF相关条款之间的关系，分析GATT有关汇率规定的历史原因，得出IMF与WTO在汇率问题上是有区分的管辖权的结论。 最后笔者根据美国欲对人民币汇率采取的行动，分析美国对人民币汇率各项指控上的法律障碍，依据主动，可控和渐进性的原则给出我国在面对美国指控时应采取的法律对策。 Dispute over Sino-US exchange rate has been existing for a long time, especially after China's joining the WTO in2001, and with growth of China's favorable trade balance to the United States year by year, as well as the increasing foreign exchange reserves, the competitiveness of Chinese products in the United States market has been strengthened, and the legal action of United States towards China's RMB exchange rate has increased, the trend of which is growing. Under this circumstance, in order to easily respond to the charges of the United States, it has become very urgent and important to illustrate and analyze the legal problems concerning dispute over Sino-US exchange rate. Through literature analysis, comparative study, jurisprudence analysis, the author studies the exchange rate charges in dispute of Sino-US exchange rate and the jurisdiction of this problem. Hopefully, this research can provide enough theoretical basis and legal support for our country in the treatment of exchange rate dispute. In this paper, the author classifies the US charges into two parts, firstly, the charge about the RMB exchange rate manipulation or fundamental exchange rate misalignment by China is considered as the charge put forward according to the relevant laws of international currency; secondly, the charge about the RMB exchange rate dumping or exchange rate subsidy by China is considered as the charge put forward according to the relevant laws of international trade. By studying the relationship between these two kinds of charges, it is found that the former lays the foundation for the latter. Through analyzing the legal basis of US's charges, the author proves that China doesn't have the purpose factor for exchange rate manipulation, and there is no definite measurement standard for the fundamental exchange rate misalignment, finally it is concluded that the US's charges for RMB exchange rate based on International Monetary Law are not correct. Obviously, since there is a dispute, it is necessary to have an organization or institution to make a final judgment to the dispute. And this involves the jurisdiction over exchange rate disputes. Based on the analysis of the relationship between IMF and WTO, the author analyzes the relation between the15th article in GATT with the relevant provisions of IMF, and also analyzes historical reasons of GATT's relevant regulations concerning the exchange rate, and finally it is concluded that the IMF and WTO have separate jurisdiction over the exchange rate issue. Finally, based on the actions which the US is supposed to take towards the RMB exchange rate, and through the analysis of legal impediments of US's charges for the RMB exchange rate, the author give some suggestions on the legal countermeasures which may be taken by our country in the face of US's charges, based on an initiative, controllable and progressive principle.

关 键 词： 汇率操纵 根本性汇率失调 管辖权

分 类 号： [D922.28]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]