导　　师： 许国彬

学科专业： 030205

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： 近年来，在高等教育大众化不断推进、国际金融危机不利影响依然存在的背景下，我国大学生就业形势日趋严峻，这直接导致了高校大学生就业难度的加大。作为将在校读书的大学生培养为入职就业的劳动者的重要单位，高校在大学生求职就业过程中发挥着关键的作用。面对如此复杂、严峻的就业市场，如何帮助大学生更好地认识自身的能力和优势，如何帮助大学生在求职过程中保持良好心态，最终到如何帮助大学生成功就业且在入职后长远发展，成为摆在高校就业指导工作中的重要命题。 源起于美国的积极心理学自上个世纪以来，正以其独有的生机和活力，在社会上越来越多的领域发挥着重大影响，并由此在全世界掀起一场积极运动，积极心理学的一些观点已逐步渗透到社会学、教育学、经济学、管理学等领域，以其独特的视觉和角度对其中的许多理论产生着重要影响。作为其中的一个重要分支，积极人格理论能否为大学生求职就业提供理论及实践借鉴？大学生积极人格与其就业能力之间是否存在某种关联？在积极人格理论视域下构建大学生就业能力是否符合当前就业市场的需求？这些问题成为很多专家和学者的重要研究内容，同时也正是本研究试图关注和探讨的问题。 本研究在对大学生积极人格和就业能力相关理论和研究进行深入了解的基础上，采用杜夏华编制的《大学生积极人格量表》和郑天驰编制的《大学生就业能力测量问卷》，以广东外语外贸大学部分毕业班学生为研究对象，通过实证研究分析被试大学生的积极人格和就业能力，并在调查研究数据统计和访谈的基础上，尝试分析被试大学生积极人格与其就业能力之间的相关性。 通过研究发现： 一、被试大学生的积极人格和就业能力总体上处于中上水平。本研究中，全部被试大学生在积极人格问卷上的平均分为354.44（满分为440分），在大学生就业能力问卷上的平均分为150.46（满分185分），表明被试大学生的积极人格和就业能力总体上处于中等偏上水平，即被试大学生总体上具备较为明显的积极人格，同时具备一定程度的就业能力水平。 二、被试大学生的积极人格和就业能力在大部分人口变量上不存在显著差异。本研究中，被试大学生积极人格在生源地方面不存在显著差异，但是具体到爱心和信仰这两个因子上，来自城市的大学生要比来自农村的大学生相对显著些；被试大学生积极人格在性别方面不存在显著差异，但是具体到幽默、热情和社会智力这三个因子上，男生在这三个方面的得分显著高于女生，表现为更明显的幽默、热情，和更高的社会智力；被试大学生积极人格在是否担任过学生干部方面存在显著差异，即担任过学生干部大学生的积极人格比未担任过学生干部的大学生相对来说更加明显。与此同时，被试大学生就业能力在性别、生源地、是否独生子女、是否担任过学生干部四个方面均不存在显著差异。 三、被试大学生的积极人格与就业能力之间存在显著相关性。本研究中，被试大学生积极人格总得分可以非常有效地解释大学生就业能力71.9/%的变异量,说明大学生积极人格得分与其就业能力得分之间存在显著相关性。 此外，从已签约工作单位的被试大学生积极人格得分、就业能力得分与其实际就业情况的对比分析来看，积极人格得分较高的被试大学生，其就业能力得分和薪金待遇基本上也相对应较高，其签约工作单位也相对较好；与此相反，积极人格得分较低的被试大学生，其就业能力得分和薪金待遇基本上也相对应较低。 四、积极人格在大学生求职就业中的积极作用。本研究在调查问卷所反映情况的基础上，针对39名已经签约工作单位的大学生进行访谈了解，受访大学生普遍反映自身积极人格特质在其求职就业过程中，在不同程度上发挥着积极作用，包括：（一）积极人格有助于大学生辨析求职意向；（二）积极人格有助于大学生拓展求职潜能；（三）积极人格有助于大学生强化心理承受力；（四）积极人格有助于大学生提高社会和人际交往能力。 最后，在对研究结果进行深入分析和探讨的基础上，本研究着重探讨高校在积极人格理论视域下帮助大学生提高就业能力的具体措施，包括：（一）将大学生就业能力的培养与积极人格的塑造紧密结合；（二）帮助大学生发掘和重视自身潜在的人格优势和就业能力；（三）帮助大学生在积极的体验下保持积极情绪；（四）帮助大学生在求职挫折中树立乐观型解释风格。 In recent years, with the background of expansion of universitiesenrollment and explosion of global financial crisis, university graduatesin China are facing increasing challenge of job hunting. As a place toprepare students to enter into the job market, university plays a vitalrole in instructing graduates in hunting for and adapting to jobs.Confronted with such a complex and intense competition in the job market,in order to efficiently prepare graduates for jobs, universities shouldfigure out the way to help students to understand their own strength, tokeep in good attitude, and ultimately succeed in job hunting and evenfuture career development. Positive Psychology, originated from American, has played ansignificant role in increasing areas since last century, and thus causeda positive movement in the whole world, which has been gradually appliedin sociology, education, economics and management, etc. Whether theTheory of Positive Personality, an indispensable branch of the Theory ofPositive Psychology, can be applied in the theory and practice of jobhunting for university students? Whether there is certain relevancebetween positive personality of university students and their job huntingability? Whether the cultivation of positive personality according to theTheory of Positive Personality can satisfy requirements for candidatesin the job market? These problems has become heated research topics fora great number of experts and scholars, which are also the problems focusedand explored in this essay. On the basis of deep understanding of the theories and researchesabout university students' positive personalities and job hunting ability,this research tries to use solid examples to research and analyse thepositive personality and job hunting ability of the tested university students and attempts to figure out the relevance of the two aspects, withthe tool of University Students' Positive Personality Scale, edited byDu Xiahua and University Students' Job Hunting Ability Questionnaire,edited by Zheng Tianchi, using certain number of senior students inGuangdong University of Foreign Studies as research objects. The research has the followings four aspects of conclusion. Firstly, the level positive personality and job hunting ability ofthe tested students is above the average. According to the research, theaverage score of positive-personality questionnaires for all testedstudents is354.44/(full score440/), and that of job-hunting-abilityquestionnaire is150.46/(full score185/), which indicate that the levelof positive personality and job hunting ability for the tested studentsis above the average, meaning they have relatively obvious positivepersonality and higher job hunting ability. Secondly, there is not evident difference in population variables forthe tested students' positive personality and job hunting ability. In thisresearch, there is not obvious difference in positive personality forstudents from different places, but in the factors of compassion and faith,students from cities are more evident than those from countryside; Thereis no evident difference between different genders, but in the factorsof humour, passion and social intelligence, the score of male studentsis obviously higher than that of female students. there is obviousdifference between students who have been students leaders and those whohave not, which means the positive personality of students leaders is moreevident than those who are not. Additionally, there is not obviousdifference for students' job hunting ability in these four factors, namelygender, origin, only-child or not, student leader or not. Thirdly, there is evident relevance between students' positivepersonality and job hunting ability for the tested students. According to the research, the relevance between the two reaches as much as71.9/%,In addition, from the score of positive personality and job-huntingability for graduates who has been recruited, it can be concluded thatstudents with high score in positive personality have higher score injob-hunting ability, who are recruited by relative better companies withrelatively higher salary and better welfare. On the contrary, those withlower score in positive personality have lower score in job-huntingability and lower salary and welfare. Fourthly, positive personality has positive effect in job hunting.On the basis of the questionnaires, there are further interviews forstudents who has been recruited by companies, in which they generallybelieve their positive personality has play a positive role during theirjob-hunting process, including the following aspects, helping them todistinguish their job objects, helping them to promote their job-huntingpotential, helping them to strengthen their psychological endurance andhelping them to enhance their social and communicational ability. Last but not least, on the basis of the in-depth analysis andexploration of the result, this essay also figure out the specificmeasures to improve students' job-hunting ability with the instructionof the Theory of Positive Personality, which include combiningenhancement of students' job-hunting ability with cultivation of theirpositive personality, helping students realize and emphasize theirpotential personality strength and job-hunting ability, helping studentsto maintain positive attitude with positive experience and helpingstudents to face setback during job-hunting process with optimisticattitude.

关 键 词： 大学生 积极人格 就业能力 相关性

分 类 号： [G641]

领　　域： [文化科学] [文化科学]