导　　师： 范利平

学科专业： 0301

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： “民以食为天，食以安为先”，安全的食品是人类健康生活的基础。然而一波又一波的恶性食品安全事故却不断威胁着人们的生命健康与安全。食品安全问题已经成为人类不可回避的一个重大的问题。在食品安全事故中，消费者始终处于弱势地位，当其人身、财产遭受损害时，合法权益无法得到很好的保障。 实践中，食品安全民事赔偿制度本身与一般的民事赔偿制度并没有太大的区别，适用《侵权责任法》和《食品安全法》中一般民事侵权责任的规定。通过对食品安全民事赔偿制度进行分析，笔者认为，食品安全民事赔偿制度的主要问题出现在民事赔偿优先原则、民事赔偿主体、惩罚性赔偿和举证责任制度等四个方面。 民事赔偿优先原则是在多种责任并存的情况下优先采用民事责任，但在实践中民事赔偿往往得不到优先执行，究其原因，是民事赔偿优先原则在实体法与程序法方面的相关规定过于空泛，缺乏现实操作性，针对这些问题，笔者提出了一些相应的完善建议；民事赔偿主体是食品侵权责任的直接承担者，消费者在受到食品侵权损害时，可以直接找相应的主体进行索赔。然而，在发生大规模侵权时，赔偿主体的不确定性，赔偿主体是否有能力赔偿，以及国家能否作为赔偿主体这三方面的问题是本部分讨论的重点；《食品安全法》第九十六条第二款规定：生产不符合食品安全标准的食品或销售明知不符合食品安全标准的食品，消费者除要求赔偿损失外，还可以要求生产者或销售者支付价款十倍的赔偿金。这是我国惩罚性赔偿制度在《食品安全法》中的应用，笔者对该款规定进行分析，发现其在违法行为人的认定，违法的主观状态以及赔偿金的计算方式等方面存在着不合理，因此需要对具体的问题加以完善；举证责任与消费者能否获得赔偿密切相关。在食品安全案件中，受害人要获得民事赔偿，就要承担与诉讼有关的举证责任，然而，由于食品具有高度的技术性和专业性，以及受害人在食品案件中处于弱势的地位，使他们在诉讼中面临举证难和举证成本高的问题。笔者从这两个问题入手，提出解决问题的具体措施以完善举证责任制度。 以上四个方面均是围绕民事赔偿展开，彼此之间是有机联系，统一在民事赔偿制度中。笔者选择这四个重要方面进行研究，针对其中存在的问题进行分析探讨，提出一些完善意见，以便在食品安全事故发生后，受害人能够快速有效的得到赔偿，更好的保护受害人的合法权益。 Food safety is the basis of human healthy living. However, wave after wave ofvicious food safety incident threaten the safety of people's life. Food safety hasbecome a major problem for human beings who cannot be avoided. But, in foodsafety incidents, consumers are always in a weak position, when they suffered damage,they cannot be well protected. In practice, food safety civil compensation system itself is not much differencewith the general civil compensation system, which is applicable provisions of the'Tort Liability Act' and 'Food Safety Law' in general tort liability. By analysis civilcompensation system for food safety, the author believes that civil compensationsystem of food safety problems mainly in four aspects: The principle of civilcompensation priority, Subject of civil compensation, punitive damages and theburden of proof system. The principle of civil compensation priority gives priority to civil liability in avariety of co-exist responsibilities. As it stipulates too vague, and lack realisticoperational in the relevant provisions of substantive law and procedural law, civilcompensation is often not takes precedence in practice. Therefore, the author proposessome suggestions for improvement to solve these problems. The civil compensation subject bears tort liability directly. Consumers can godirectly to the main claim when they suffer the food Infringement damage. However,in the event of a large-scale food infringement, due to the uncertainty of the subject ofcompensation, the compensation body lacks ability to provide compensation, whichincreases the difficulty for consumer claims, and whether the state can be to thecompensation body in some extent is a question. Therefore, the article takes theseproblems as a focus of discussion. 'Food Safety Law' Article96, paragraph2, states: production does not meetfood safety standards or sells knowingly do not meet food safety standards.Consumers can request demand compensation for damages, and also request theproducers or distributors paid ten times the price of the compensation. This is China'spunitive damages system in the 'Food Safety Law'. Though analyzing this subsection,the author find some unreasonable in the identification of the violations, illegalsubjective state, and compensation calculated way. Therefore, there need to improvespecific issues. The burden of proof and the ability is closely related to consumers to receivecompensation. In the case of food safety, Victims must bear the burden of proofrelating to litigation to obtain civil compensation. However, since the food has a highdegree of technical and professional, as well as the victim in a vulnerable position inthe food cases, they face the problem of high cost and difficulty of burden of proof inlitigation. The author starts from these two issues to propose specific measures tosolve these problems. The above four aspects are around the civil compensation to expand. Each otheris organic links and unit in civil compensation system. The author chose these fourimportant aspects to research, analyzing the existing problems, and putting forwardsome sound advice, so that the victim will be able to get compensation quickly andefficiently in food safety accident, and protect the victim's legitimate rights andinterests.

关 键 词： 民事赔偿优先 赔偿主体 惩罚性赔偿 举证责任

分 类 号： [D923 D922.16]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律]