导　　师： 朱最新

学科专业： 0301

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： 弃婴并不是当代中国特有的社会现象。但弃婴现象的不断呈现严重影响着人们对社会公平正义的观感，触及了人类基本人权的底线。弃婴问题也因此成为社会各界普遍关注的社会问题。由于历史和现实的各种因素的影响，中国现阶段弃婴的存在从社会转型的意义上来说是不可避免的，弃婴问题仍是当代中国无法回避的社会问题。在当今社会，法律保护是一种长期的稳定的制度保护，无论是从保障弃婴的人权角度出发，还是着眼于实现社会的公平正义，弃婴法律保护研究俨然成为当代中国必须进行的一个课题。然而，近年来我国弃婴数量居高不下，这就意味着我国弃婴法律保护制度存在着一定的缺陷。从立法上看，现行弃婴法律保护制度缺乏系统性和针对性，难以为弃婴保护提供充足的法律依据；从执法上看，现行相关行政执法部门之间缺乏有效的协调和监督，对弃婴的保护仅限于“运动式”执行之中；从司法上看，弃婴无民事行为能力的客观事实和相关制度的缺失，常常使弃婴的司法保护成为司法实践中的一个难题。弃婴的法律保护是一项综合性的系统工程，我们应该从实际出发，围绕弃婴的权益保护，从立法、执法、司法三个层面完善我国弃婴法律保护制度体系，以期更好地维护弃婴的合法权益，促进整个社会的和谐发展。 The abandoned baby is not a particular social phenomenon of modern China.However the continuous cases of baby abandonment is now seriously impacting thepublic feeling towards social fairness and equableness, almost reaching to the bottomline of people humanity as a being. And baby abandonment has become a universalfocus of public attention. However from the perspective of society transfer, it’sunavoidable to stand the existence of abandonment in China considering historicaland factual influencing factors. In modern society, law protection is a kind oflong-term stable institutional protection. Either from the consideration over securityof abandoned baby’s humanity or from the current situation of social fairness andequableness, the study of law protection over baby abandonment obviously hasbecome an obligatory project in China. Nevertheless, the high volume of babyabandonment cases and no sign of decreasing in recent years, from the other side, areindicting there might be some defects in our institution of law protection on babyabandonment. From the legislation, the current institution of law protection on babyabandonment is less systematic and object-oriented; therefore it’s hard to providesufficient law evidence. From the execution, the relevant administrative institutionsdo not have efficient cooperation and supervision in between; therefore currentprotection over abandoned baby is limited in the “motion-style” execution. From theadministration of justice, the judicial protection over abandoned baby become adifficult problem in judicial practices based on the objective fact that abandoned babydoes not have civil competence and the situation of insufficient institutions.Establishing law protection over abandoned baby is a comprehensive project. Weneed to start from fact, and perfect our institutional system of law protection overabandoned baby from three levels of legislation, execution and administration ofjustice, surrounding the security of abandoned baby’s rights and interests. By doing so,we are expecting a better protection over abandoned baby and a promotion of healthyharmonious society.

关 键 词： 弃婴 弱势群体 人权 法律保护

分 类 号： [D923]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]