导　　师： 邵路

学科专业： 070305

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 哈尔滨工业大学

摘　　要： 近年来，以二氧化钛（TiO/_2）为代表的光催化技术和以超滤为代表的膜分离技术，越来越受到科学家的广泛关注，成为水处理领域的研究热点。但是，在实际使用两种技术进行水处理的过程中，遇到了一系列限制二者在更大规模的工业应用的问题。对于TiO/_2的光催化技术来讲，TiO/_2在光激发状态下产生的电子和空穴容易复合，量子效率低；悬浮在反应器中的TiO/_2颗粒不易被回收，重复利用率低。对于超滤膜来讲，在进行水处理过程中，易受到膜污染的问题的影响。因此，制备出高效光催化活性的TiO/_2复合光催化剂，并将其与超滤膜有机融合在一起，发挥二者的特长是解决上述问题的一个全新思路。 本课题的主要研究内容分为两方面：采用氧化石墨烯（Graphene Oxide, GO）对TiO/_2进行改性，创新性的采用凝胶-溶胶法制备TiO/_2nanorod//rGO（TNRGO）复合光催化剂，通过多种表征手段，对TNRGO的结构形貌进行表征，考察其光催化效果，并对TNRGO的光催化机理进行了分析；将TNRGO引入聚偏氟乙烯/(poly/(vinylidene fluoride/), PVDF/)超滤膜体系，采用浸没沉淀相转变法成功制备了TNRGO//PVDF复合超滤膜，并初步探索了TNRGO的引入对超滤膜的结构和性能的影响。 在凝胶-溶胶法制备TNRGO的过程中，TiO/_2nanorod的平均尺寸为长度L=150nm、直径D=30nm，长径比L//D=5，晶型为锐钛矿晶型，石墨烯与TiO/_2nanorod之间存在C-Ti化学键的结合。调整pH值可以达到控制TiO/_2形状的目的，制备棒状结构的最佳pH值为12。在进行光降解亚甲基蓝的实验中，采用煅烧处理的TNRGO要比冷冻干燥处理的光降解效率高，其中GO的添加量为5/%时制备的TNRGO光催化活性最高。 在考察制备的TNRGO//PVDF复合超滤膜的过程中，使用SEM、AFM、纯水通量测试、截留率、水通量衰减系数、接触角测试和紫外-可� In recent years,thanks to the unique advantage, the photocatalysis technologywhich represented by TiO/_2and membrane separation technology such asultrafiltration have attracted more and more attention by scientists. And they havebecome the focus of water treatment field. However, there are a lot of problemsduring the actual use of the two technologies for water treatment. Those problemslimit the applications of them in a large-scale industry. TiO/_2photocatalysistechnology has its disadvantages: TiO/_2produced the electrons and holes are easy tocompound in the light excited state, and quantum efficiency is low. Suspension TiO/_2particles in the reactor is not easy to be recycled, which lead to the repeatedutilization ratio is low. Meanwhile, the ultrafiltration membrane used in the watertreatment process, easily affected by the membrane fouling problem. Therefore, thepreparation of the composite of photocatalytic TiO/_2and the ultrafiltration membranewhich exert specialty of the two is a new thought to solve these problems. Considering on the above ideas, The gel-sol was used to prepare the TiO/_2nanorod//rGO（TNRGO） composite photocatalyst innovatively in this study. Avariety of methods were used to characterize the morphology of TNRGO andphotocatalytic effect. And the photocatalytic mechanism of TNRGO was analyzed.With introducing TNRGO to polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranesystem, TNRGO//PVDF composite ultrafiltration membrane was preparedsuccessfully by immersion precipitation phase shift method. And the influence ofTNRGO's introduction on the structure and properties of ultrafiltration membranewas explored preliminarily. In the preparation of TNRGO with gel-sol, TiO/_2nanorod had an average size. Thelength was L=150nm. The diameter was D=30nm, and the length to diameter ratiowas L//D=5. The crystal structure was anatase crystal. C-Ti chemical bonds existedbetween graphene and TiO/_2nanorod. The shape of TiO/_2was controlled by AdjustingpH value, and the optimum pH of rod-shaped struct

关 键 词： 光催化 超滤膜 水处理

领　　域： [建筑科学]