导　　师： 吕加平

学科专业： 0852

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国农业科学院

摘　　要： 我国干酪加工产业不断发展，乳清的产量也逐年增加。中国在干酪发展过程中所面临的一个很大的问题就是乳清的利用，这直接关系到干酪的价格。乳清产品用途广泛，在食品和饲料等行业领域供不应求。对乳清的回收利用，不仅可以提升干酪生产企业的核心竞争力和企业的综合经济效益，同时也有助于减少我国乳清制品的进口量，缓解供求紧张的局面。本文以乳清为原料，将阳离子交换树脂（001×7，001×12，001×16，D001，D113）和阴离子交换树脂（201×4，201×7，330，D301，D201）采用19种不同的树脂组合对乳清的脱盐性能进行了考察，并研究了截留分子质量为180Da的纳滤膜处理乳清降低其盐分的效果。主要结论如下： （1）通过综合考虑交换容量，再生容易度，蛋白吸附率、干物质吸附率，确定了离子交换树脂脱盐最佳组合：阳离子树脂选用001×7，阴树脂选用330。乳清经阴阳离子交换柱吸附后，总灰分脱除率达96.2/%，总干物质回收率为72.4/%，总蛋白回收率为：77.6/%，脱盐率达到D90脱盐乳清粉脱盐标准。 （2）考察了两种纳滤方法对乳清脱盐效果的影响。方法一研究了不同透析/(diafiltration/)工艺对盐分脱除率的影响，表明在乳清纳滤浓缩过程中，在浓缩液VCR为1.5时，以渗透速率进行补水透析的方式有助于乳清盐分的脱除，所得浓缩液制备的乳清粉灰分为4.56/%，脱盐率为44.40/%，乳蛋白几乎完全截留。方法二对比了不同pH值下的乳清纳滤脱盐效果，发现通过调节乳清的pH值，可显着改善纳滤脱盐效果，当乳清pH值分别为4.6和5.15时，在体积浓缩比VCR为3时，通过加水透析的方式，最终所得的浓缩液干物质灰分含量分别为2.7/%和2.8/%，灰分脱除率高达66.8/%和65.8/%，优于方法1中未调节pH值进行纳滤所得的乳清粉的灰分脱除率。另外纳滤过程产生的渗透液可用反渗透进行处理，是制备去离子水的良好来源。 本研究采用了较低的设备投资，利用离子交换技术制作出满足市场需求的脱盐率达96.2/%的D90乳清粉，利用纳滤技术制作出脱盐率达66.8/%的D70乳清粉，为我国的脱盐乳清粉产业发展提供了技术支撑。 Along with the development of cheese processing industry in China, the output of whey also seesgrowth year by year. However, the utilization of whey, which is directly related to the price of cheese,has always been an issue waiting to be improved. Whey products can be widely used in a variety offields and have been in short supply in food and feed industries. The recovery and utilization of wheywill not only enhance the core competitiveness and the overall economic benefits of cheese productionenterprises, but also help to reduce China's whey products import volume and ease the tension of shortsupply. This article makes research on whey desalination by19combinations of different kinds of ionexchange resins（cation exchange resin：001×7，001×12，001×16，D001，D113. Anion exchange resin：201×4，201×7，330，D301，D201）, and the effect of whey desalination by nanofiltration membranewith interception of molecular mass180u was studied. The following conclusions was summarized: 1. The optimal combination of ion exchange resins for desalination of whey has been identifiedwith consideration of exchange capacity, ease of recovery, protein absorption rate and dry matterabsoption rate:001×7positive ion resin+330negative ion resin. Upon absorption by positive andnegative ion exchange column, the total ash removing rate is96.2/%; total dry matter recovery rate is72.4/%; total protein recovery rate is77.6/%; and the desalination rate has reached the standard of that forD90desalinated whey powder. 2. Two nanofiltration methods were investigated to desalinate sweet whey. Method1investigatedthe different diafiltration procedure of nanofiltration of whey, the results showed that the bestdesaliniation effect may be achieved by filling deionized water /(with volume equal to that of theconcentration liquid/) to the interception liquid at permeation rate in the condition where the volumeconcentration ratio /(VCR/) of the nanofiltration is1.5. After spray drying, the nanofiltered whey powderis44.4/%less ash than the original whey powder. Method2showed that adjusting pH value of wheygive a significantly influence to the desalination. After adjusting the pH of whey to4.6and5.15respectivly, then nanofiltrte the whey to VCR=3and diafiltration to remove the ion. The ash of finalwhey powder produced from the concerntrated whey is2.7/%and2.8/%,66.8/%and65.8/%less ash thanthe original whey powder, which is much higher than the method1. The penetrating fluid ofnanofiltration is good source to produce deionized water by reverse osmosis In this study, the D90whey powder /(desalination rate of96.2/%/) was produced by the use of ionexchange technology through a lower equipment investment which meets the market demand. The D70whey powder /(desalination rate of66.8/%/) was produced by the nanofiltration technology. The resultssupport the desaltination whey powder production industry in China

关 键 词： 乳清粉 干酪 离子交换树脂 纳滤 脱盐

分 类 号： [TS252.53]

领　　域： [轻工技术与工程] [轻工技术与工程]