导　　师： 黄启为

学科专业： 0951

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 南京农业大学

摘　　要： 本文通过小麦和水稻田间试验,研究了等价格施用菜粕堆肥、猪粪堆肥、中药渣堆肥有机无机复混肥对作物产量、干物质累积量、氮素利用效率以及土壤矿质态氮等的影响,以期为这3种有机无机复混肥的推广、使用提供理论依据。试验得出了以下结果： 1.猪粪堆肥有机无机复混肥/(8044.4kg·hm-2/)和菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥/(8066.6kg·hm-2/)的稻谷产量都高于无机复合肥处理,分别增产4.3/%和4.6/%。中药渣堆肥有机无机复混肥的稻谷产量/(7677.7kg·hm-2/)低于无机复合肥/(7711.1kg·hm-2/),但两者差异不显著。 各有机无机复混肥处理/(猪粪堆肥、中药渣堆肥、菜粕堆肥/)的小麦籽粒产量都高于无机复合肥处理/(5421kg·hm-2/),分别增产10.6/%、8.1/%、8.1/%。不同原料有机无机复混肥处理的小麦产量相比,猪粪堆肥处理产量/(5997kg·hm-2/)最高,其次为中药渣堆肥/(5863kg·hm-2/)和菜粕堆肥处理/(5863kg·hm-2/)。 2.在水稻季,与无机复合肥相比,菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥可以增加水稻的有效穗数和千粒重,猪粪堆肥和菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥可以提高水稻的穗粒数。在小麦季,与无机复合肥相比,菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥可以提高小麦的穗粒数和千粒重。 3.在水稻生育前中期,各有机无机复混肥处理的干物质累积量与无机复合肥相当,进入成熟期后,各有机无机复混肥处理的干物质累积量都高于无机复合肥处理。在小麦整个生育期,各有机无机复混肥处理的干物质累积量都低于无机复合肥处理,三种有机无机复混肥处理间相比,猪粪堆肥有机无机复混肥的效果最好,其次是菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥,中药渣堆肥有机无机复混肥效果最弱。 4.在水稻整个生长期,各有机无机复混肥处理的氮素累积量与无机复合肥处理的相近。在小麦生长前期,各有机无机复混肥处理的氮素累积量低于无机复合肥处理,进入小麦生长后期后,猪粪堆肥有机无机复混肥和菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥处理的氮素累积量都高于无机复合肥处理。 5.在水稻季,中药渣堆肥有机无机复混肥和菜粕堆肥有机无机复混肥处理的氮肥回收率/(都为36.4/%/)均高于无机复合肥处理/(352/%/)；在小麦季,有机无机复混肥处理的氮肥回收率/(28.9/%～37.4/%/)都高于无机复合肥处理/(25.8/%/)。 6.与等价格施用无机复混肥相比,不同原料堆肥有机无机复混肥可以提高土壤矿质态氮的含量,调节土壤氮素的释放,改善土壤供氮能力。 综上所述,等价格条件下,施用3种原料堆肥有机无机复混肥可以提高氮素利用效率、改善土壤氮素供应状况,为作物生长提供良好的氮素营养条件,因而获得了比单施无机复混肥更高或持平的籽粒产量。 Field experiments were carried out to study effects of application of mixed chemical fertilizer with different composts on growth, yields, nitrogen /(N/) using efficiency, soil mineral N. Rapeseed cake compost /(RCC/), pig manure compost /(PMC/), Chinese medicine residues compost /(CMC/) were separately mixed with chemical fertilizers /(N, phosphorus and potassium/). The results obtained are listed as following: 1. Yields of rice obtained by PMC and RCC were higher than chemical fertilizer treatment /(CF/), the yield of CMC was less than CF and the yields of PMC and RCC were increased4.3/%and4.6/%than CF, respectively. The yields of wheat obtained by PMC, CMC and RCC were10.6/%,8.1/%.8.1/%higher than chemical fertilizer, respectively. The yield of PMC /(5997kg·hm-2/) was the highest among the three different material composts while the yield of CMC /(5863kg·hm-2/) and RCC /(5863kg·hm-2/) were followed by the PMC. 2. In rice season, compared with the CF treatment, the RCC treatment could increase panicles and kernel weight and the PMC and RCC treatment could increase kernel number. In wheat season, compared with CF treatment, the RCC treatment could increase kernel number and kernel weight. 3. In the early growth stage of rice the dry matter accumulation of the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were equal with the CF treatment,, but the dry matter accumulation of the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were higher than the CF treatment in the maturity stage. In the whole growth stage of wheat, the dry matter accumulation of the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were less than the CF treatment. Among the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers the dry matter accumulation of PMC was the largest and the CMC was the lowest. 4. In the whole growth stage of rice the nitrogen accumulation of the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were similar with the CF treatment. In early growth stage of wheat the nitrogen accumulation of the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were less than the CF treatment, however, the nitrogen accumulation of the PMC and RCC treatment were larger than the CF treatment in late growth stage of wheat. 5. In rice experiment N recovery efficiency /(NRE/) of CMC/(36/%/) and RCC/(36/%/) were higher than CF/(35/%/) treatment, while NRE /(28.9/%～37.4/%/) of the three kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were higher than CF treatment/(25.8/%/) in wheat experiment. 6. Compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment, all organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer treatments improved the capability of soil nitrogen supply. In conclusion, application of organic-inorganic fertilizers could improve the N nutrition of crop plants, thus increase the yields of rice and wheat.

关 键 词： 有机无机复混肥 产量 干物质累积量 氮素利用率 土壤矿质态氮

分 类 号： [S31 S141]

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]