导　　师： 张洪林

学科专业： 030102

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学

摘　　要： 随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展以及住房制度的改革和投资市场的逐渐成熟，夫妻共同财产结构出现了多元化，尤其是股权和房产等价值较大的财产在夫妻共同财产中占有较大的比例。在离婚案件中，解除婚姻关系不再是案件的主要矛盾，问题主要集中于夫妻共同财产的分割和子女抚养问题，而夫妻共同财产的分割则主要集中于房产、股权的分割等。本文主要就离婚中夫妻共有股权分割的问题展开讨论。由于夫妻共有股权的分割常常会导致股权的转让，所涉及的不仅是夫妻双方的利益，还有可能影响到其他股东和企业的利益，所以重视对夫妻离婚中共有股权分割问题的研究，无论是对个体权利的保护还是经济社会整体的健康运营都有着十分重要的现实意义。 尽管《婚姻法解释（二）》、《婚姻法解释（三）》以及新《公司法》针对某些情况对夫妻共有股权的转让都作了一些规定，但是远远无法保证实际生活中产生纠纷后当事人诉求的实现。本文以目前比较流行的法经济学理论为基础，运用法经济学分析的研究方法来分析我国关于离婚诉讼中夫妻共有股权分割问题的立法现状和司法现状，在此基础上对目前的立法和司法进行法经济学的分析，并提出对离婚中夫妻共有股权分割的规制应以“理性经济人”为出发点，且同时具备追求法律公正与效率的特征。本文认为，在市场经济发展日益迅猛的今日，作为理性主体的个人或企业，都希望尽可能提高资本的利用效率。未来立法除了追求公平、正义之外，还应该具有引导各社会主体按照资源优化配置、利益最大化的原则来做出理性选择的功能。 本文除结论外分成四个部分。 开篇提出文章要论述的主要问题：目前《婚姻法》和新《公司法》都没有对离婚中夫妻共有股权分割作出具体且操作性较强的规制，那么在法经济学理论下，有关夫妻离婚中共有股权分割的规制应该如何完善，以达到资源的优化配置和各主体利益的最大化。 第二部分主要是介绍离婚财产分割中的法经济学以及对离婚中夫妻共有股权的界定。首先是介绍法经济学分析对离婚财产分割的意义，然后在此基础上引入“杜双华离婚案”，从具体案例出发来说明；其次是对离婚中夫妻共有股权相关理论的界定，主要包括夫妻共有股权的存在形态、法律特征和可分割性。明确了夫妻共有股权不同于一般夫妻共同财产的特性和其分割的现实性，为下文的进一步分析奠定了理论基础。 第三部分是从离婚中夫妻共有股权分割的现状展开，分别介绍了有关夫妻共有股权分割的立法现状、司法现状以及司法实践中普遍存在的操作难点。在肯定目前关于离婚中夫妻共有股权分割问题研究的积极方面的同时，指出其不符合现代社会追求资源配置最优化宗旨的一面。 第四部分主要介绍了法经济学理论对完善夫妻共有股权分割的功效。首先是从法经济学角度来分析现有立法规制并依此为基础提出法律制定思维的改变。在引入法经济学思维的基础上，以“理性经济人”为出发点，追求法律适用的最大效率。除了公平、正义的宗旨之外，还需要重视资源的优化配置和利益的最大化。然后再对目前的司法现状进行法经济学分析，同样在此基础上给出如何完善离婚中夫妻共有股权分割的司法建议，以期能为相关法律法规的完善贡献一份微薄之力。 With the development of China's socialist market economy, the reform of housing system and the gradual maturity of the investment market, the structure of jointly owned property has been multifarious, especially those properties with high value like equity and real estate take a large proportion in jointly owned property. In the divorce cases, dissolution of marriage is no longer the principal contradiction of the case, the problem is mainly concentrated in the partition of jointly owned property and child support issues. And the partition of jointly owned property is mainly focused on segmentation of real estate, equity, etc. This thesis will expand the discussion around the problem of matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce. As a result of matrimonial equity segmentation always leads to the transfer of equity, not only involve the interest of the couple, but also other shareholders and the enterprise. So pay much attention to the study of matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce has very important practical significance no matter for the protection of individual rights or the well operation of whole economic society. Although the Interpretation of Several Issues of the "Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China "/(b/)、/(c/) and the new " Company Law " have made some provisions for the transfer of matrimonial equity in some cases, but they are far unable to guarantee the demands of the parties in a dispute in real life. This thesis is based on the popular Law and Economics theory currently, and apply the research approaches of Law and Economics to analyze the legislative situation, judicial situation and existed difficulties in the judicial practice of the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce. On this basis to discuss and propose the regulations of the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce should take "rational economic man" as a starting point, with the characters of justice and efficiency at the same time. According to this paper, in today's increasingly rapid development of market economy, as a rational subject, personal or enterprise, all wish to maximize the utilization efficiency of capital. In the future, the legislations should pursuit fairness and justice, in addition, they should also have the function to guide the social subjects in accordance with the principles of optimal allocation of resources and maximize the benefits to make a rational choice. This thesis is divided into four parts in addition to conclusions. At the beginning of this paper, it proposed the problems to be discussed:At the present time, the Marriage Law or the new Company Law doesn't have specific and highly operative regulations about the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce. Then according to the theory of Law and Economics, what can we do to make the legislations about the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce perfect, in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources and maximize the benefits of everybody. The second part is mainly to introduce the theory of Law and Economics and define the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce. First to make an introduction of the basic theories of Law and Economics and point out the significance of using such kind of method to do the jurisprudential study. Then define the related concepts about the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce and analyze the existence, legal feature and severability of matrimonial equity. Make it clear that matrimonial equity has some features which made it different from general jointly owned property and the reality of segmentation. Laid a theoretical foundation for the further analysis. The third part is to start from the current situation of the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce. It introduces legislative situation, judicial situation, the widespread difficulties in judicial practice of the matrimonial equity segmentation and analyze them from the perspective of Law and Economics. We are sure about the current positive aspects of the research about the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce, meanwhile, point out the imperfections. The fourth part is based on the results of summing up the preceding analysis and put forward the proposal about the matrimonial equity segmentation in divorce according to the Law and Economics theory. First to call for some changes in legislation thinking. Based on the introduction of the Law and Economics thinking and taking "rational economic man" as a starting point, to pursue the maximum efficiency of law application. In addition to the purpose of fairness and justice, we also need to focus on optimal allocation of resources and maximization of benefits. Then put forward relevant legislative proposals in response to the widespread difficulties in current judicial practice. In the hope of contributing a modest force to the improvement of relevant laws and regulations.

关 键 词： 离婚 夫妻共有股权 股权分割 法经济学

分 类 号： [D923.9]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]