导　　师： 朱建新

学科专业： 080703

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 上海交通大学

摘　　要： 电动汽车由于其具有的节能环保优势而快速发展,在21世纪的前20年,以plug-in为特点的深度混合动力汽车将是电动汽车技术的发展主题。动力电池技术是目前深度混合动力汽车发展的技术瓶颈,其性能对汽车的动力性、经济性和安全性都有巨大影响。因此对动力电池进行科学管理来保证提高电池组使用性能,延长使用寿命以及保证运行安全具有重要意义。 本文首先根据混合动力汽车整车对车用动力蓄电池组的需求以及国家863项目对锂离子电池的指标要求,分析了本课题使用的磷酸铁锂电池组的工作原理和内部结构,然后通过对电池建立等效电路模型来进一步剖析电池不一致性的深层原因,并通过数学建模提出了具体衡量电池组的不一致度。 电池单体的电压只有3.2V左右,因此深度混合动力汽车的动力电池需要几十个单体电池串联而成。由于制造误差等因素的存在,使得电池之间必然存在内阻、端电压、容量等参数的不一致。再加上电池使用过程中的电池单体之间的工作环境差异、能量效率差异,更加剧了电池之间的不一致性。为此本文专门结合磷酸铁锂电池组的实际状态的不一致性特点,设计了主动均衡方案的“低充高放”的复合均衡电路,而且在该复合电路的基础上设计了以提高电池组一致性为目标的基于T-S型模糊控制理论的主动均衡控制策略。在主动均衡的基础上,本文还探讨了基于特殊工况点的SOC的修正策略。 由于深度混合动力汽车电池组的工作环境比较恶劣,本文特别研究了针对基于脉冲下的电池响应,设计了主动的单体诊断和保护策略;设计了绝缘检测电路和灵活可靠的高压电管理策略;建立了电池温度预测模型,设计了防止热失控与进行热均衡的主动热保护策略。 为了满足电池组的模拟工况试验和实车试验的需要,本文应用Labview语言工具设计了用于自主研发的大功率动力电池试验台和随车数据记录的人机监控界面。对电池均衡方案进行了模拟工况试验和整车试验。在试验过程中对电池信息进行实时显示并采集记录和存储。 结果表明,本文所研究的主动均衡方案实用可靠,在改善电池组一致性方面起到了很好的效果,电池组使用性能得到了明显提升。 The hybrid vehicles develop quickly because of the advantage of energy saving and environmental protection. In the first 20 years of the 21th century, the strong mixing HEV will be the main research direction. As the key component of hybrid electric vehicle, power batteries have a significant impact of the HEV, such as the dynamical performance, security and economy. Therefore, in-depth research on battery management has the great significance and engineering application value for improving the performance of hybrid vehicles, guaranteeing the safety of the batteries, prolonging battery lifetime. Firstly, this article analyzes the demands of power batteries for strong mixing HEV, as well as the lithium-ion battery indicators in the national 863 project, researches the equivalent circuit models of battery, analyzes the reason why the inconformity come into being, builds a math module to describe the inconformity of batteries. The voltage of one battery cell is only about 3.3V, so hybrid electric vehicle uses a number of single cells connected in series. Due to factors such as the existence of manufacturing error, the batteries have inconformity in internal resistance, voltage, capacity, and other parameters. So this article specifically designed an equalization circuit which base on the idea of "low charge and high discharge”. Then an active equalization control strategy, which is based on the T-S fuzzy theory and aim to enhance the conformity of the cells, has been raised. Besides the equalization, a SOC corrected strategy based on special conditions has been raised. Strong mixing HEV always works in severe working condition, so this article researched an active protection scheme, which include the cell protection strategy based on dynamic diagnosis, the insulation monitoring and High-voltage electric management strategy, the active thermal protection strategy based on Temperature prediction model. To fulfill the demand of simulating work condition test and real vehicle test,a human-machinery software have been designed based on Labview. It can acquire and save real time parameters for batteries. Then the equalization test has been designed and completed. Results show that the equalization project is practical and reliable. The batteries inconformity has been well controlled, and the usability of the batteries has been enhanced effectively.

关 键 词： 深度混合动力汽车 磷酸铁锂电池组 电池不一致性 主动均衡 修正 主动保护

分 类 号： [U469.72]

领　　域： [机械工程] [交通运输工程] [交通运输工程]