导　　师： 周文俊;王建国

学科专业： 080803

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 武汉大学

摘　　要： 复合绝缘子具有重量轻、机械强度高、憎水性强、耐污闪性能好、不测零值和少维护等优点,复合绝缘子在运行中会受到各种因素的综合作用,包括电气、机械和环境因素,复合绝缘子在长期带电及受户外环境因素作用下的老化问题引起复合绝缘子生产、运行和科研部门的高度关注。 本文对广东地区和东北地区运行不同年限的交流复合绝缘子从外观、盐密灰密、典型环境污秽成分、憎水性能、污闪性能、伞裙力学性能、伞裙电气性能、红外光谱和热稳定等参数进行了系统的试验研究,总结了广东地区和东北地区复合绝缘子典型老化特征,得到了伞裙性能各参数的相互关系和数值范围,研究了伞群性能参数与运行环境、运行年限、伞裙位置的关系,提出了复合绝缘子伞裙外观老化分级方法,提出了基于傅立叶红外光谱特征峰面积的硅橡胶老化定量分析方法,提出了以绝缘子外观、洁净表面憎水性、憎水迁移性、拉伸强度、硬度和介电强度来评价复合绝缘子伞裙老化性能的方法。 本文系统研究了盐密灰密变化、污秽成分及含量变化、温度和紫外对复合绝缘子憎水迁移性的影响,得到了硅橡胶材料憎水迁移变化规律以及各种环境因素作用下静态接触角变化范围。比较了水珠大小、表面粗糙度对静态接触角测量结果的影响,比较了磨片对硅橡胶材料电气和力学性能测试的影响。 本文设计开发了八组针-板电极电晕试验装置和基于槽轮结构的双面转轮试验系统,分别模拟紫外辐照、热湿环境、电晕放电、盐雾环境和转轮法周期性染污等典型人工加速老化环境对复合绝缘子分阶段老化性能进行了较为系统的研究,包括表面形貌、憎水性能、伞裙力学性能、伞裙电气性能、红外光谱等参数,得到了典型人工加速老化环境下复合绝缘子分阶段老化规律,得到了老化进程中伞裙性能各参数变化范围,探索了紫外辐照、热湿环境、电晕放电、盐雾环境和转轮法老化机理,研究结果有助于深入理解交流复合绝缘子性能老化与运行年限、运行环境的关系及性能参数变化规律,对于交流复合绝缘子老化机理研究、性能评估以及运行检测具有重要的理论和实践意义。 Composite insulators have been being widely used in power system due to the characteristics of high strength, light in weight, high comtamination flashover voltage, and convenient maintenance. Composite insulators have been being exposed to several factors action such as electrical, mechanical and environment. The aging problem of composite insulators aroused high focus by manufacturer, power company and research institute. AC composite insulators were systematically tested according to appearance, salt density, dust density, contamination analysis, hydrophobicity, comtamination flashover voltage, mechanics and electrical property of sheds, infra-red spectrum and thermally stablization. Typical aging characteristics of composite insulators in Guangdong province and northeast of China was concluded, the aging level method of composite insulator shed was determined. The aging quantitative analysis method of silicone rubber based on infrared spectrum absorption peak area was put forward, the relationship of various performance parameter and numerical range of shed were obtained, the relationship of shed property and severice environment with operating time, different position of shed was concluded, and such parameter of composite insulator including appearance, clear surface hydrophobicity, transference of hydrophobicity, tensile strength, hardness and dielectric strength was put forward to evaluate the aging performance of composite insulators sheds. The transference of hydrophobicity affected by salt density, dust density, six kinds of contamination components, temperature, humidity and ultraviolet irradiation was studied deeply. The change regular of transference of hydrophobicity and the value scope of contact angle of silicone rubber was obtained. The contact angle measurement influenced by water volume and roughness was analyzed, and the effect of electrical and mechanical property of silicone rubber after sanding was discovered. Eight group needle-plane corona discharge test equipment was designed, track wheel test system based on structure of grooved pulley was developed. Systematic acceleration ageing research on composite insulators including ultraviolet irradiation, moist heat, corona discharge, salt fog as well as track wheel test were carried out in order to quantify the hydrophobicity property, mechanical performance, appearance profile and dielectric characteristics and infra-red spectrum. According to the ageing tests data, effects of each ageing factor are verified. The ageing data regular of composite insulator and shed parameter scope at different stage were obtained. The aging mechanics of ultraviolet irradiation, moist heat, corona discharge, salt fog and track wheel test was explained. The test result was used for realization of relationship of composite insulator shed aging property and operation time, operation environment and change of parameter regular. It is important for the study of aging mechanis, performance evaluation and operation detection of ac composite insulator.

关 键 词： 复合绝缘子 老化 紫外 电晕 盐雾 转轮法

分 类 号： [TM216]

领　　域： [电气工程] [一般工业技术]