导　　师： 吴良欢

学科专业： I0302

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 浙江大学

摘　　要： 在田间和盆栽试验条件下采用含硝化抑制剂dmpp(3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate,dmpp)氮肥(含硝化抑制剂dmpp硫硝铵,简称asn+dmpp和含硝化抑制剂dmpp尿素,简称urea+dmpp)探讨了蔬菜硝酸盐污染控制技术,以便为绿色蔬菜生产提供理论依据及科学方法;探讨了硝酸盐速测技术,以为食品卫生监督、监测部门提供一种硝酸盐快速、简便的检测手段. The control techniques of nitrate contaminated in vegetable were discussed in this paper with application of nitrogen fertilizer /(ammonium sulphate nitrate and urea/) with nitrification inhibitor /(NI/) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate /(DMPP/) /(ASN+DMPP and urea+DMPP/) under field and pot experiments to provide acedemic foundation and scientific method of green vegetable production. Quick determination technique of nitrate was also discussed to provide a quick, simple nitrate determination for the supervise department of foodstuff. Results were shown as follows: The influences of nitrogen fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor /(NI/) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate /(DMPP/) on nitrate accumulation and nutritional quality of greengrocery /(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis/) under excessive nitrogen use condition were investigated in field experiment. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizers with NI DMPP could significantly reduce nitrate accumulation, increase Vc, amino acid, soluble sugar and Zn concentration of greengrocery as compared with urea, ammonium sulphate nitrate /(ASN/), and hence improve greengrocery nutritional quality, ammonium sulphate nitrate fertilizer with NI DMPP /(ASN+DMPP/) was especially effective in these aspects. Compared to ASN and urea, nitrate concentration in greengrocery treated with ASN+DMPP reduced 16.0/% and 14.1/%, urea+DMPP reduced 7.9/% and 7.6/% respectively, and the difference reached significant level. ASN+DMPP and urea+DMPP could evidently reduced nitrate accumulation in stems and leaves, especially stems. The inhibition effect of ASN+D MPP was greater than urea+DMPP. In addition, ASN+DMPP could alleviate yield decreasing of vegetable due to excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers. The influences of ASN+DMPP on nitrate accumulation and nutritional quality of greengrocery {Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis/) were investigated under natural nitrogen use condition in field experiment. Results indicated that ASN+DMPP could slightly increase the yield of greengrocery, significantly decrease nitrate accumulation, and increase Vc, amino acid and soluble sugar concentration of greengrocery as compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulphate nitrate etc., and hence improve nutritional quality. In addition, compared to conventional nitrogen fertilizers the time of vegetable attain the criterion of green foodstuff production might be advanced by analyzing nitrate concentration in different grown stage, thus the time of vegetable coming into market might be advanced, then get a better price. Under this experiment condition the time would advanced 3-4d. The influences of different nitrogen fertilizer variety, nitrogen level and basal manure on nitrate accumulation and quality of cabbage were investigated in field experiments. Results showed that ASN+DMPP could increase cabbage yield and decrease NO3--N concentration as compared with ASN and urea. ASN+DMPP could also increase vitamin C /(Vc/), amino acid, soluble sugar, and mineral nutrient element /(P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn/) concentration in cabbage. ASN+DMPP could decrease NO3--N concentration by 6.1/% /(Jinhua/) 16.5/% /(Xinchang/) as compared with urea, and 7.3/% /(Xinchang/) 9.4/%/(Jinhua/) as compared with ASN. Properly decreasing nitrogen level would not decrease cabbage yield, but decrease nitrate concentration. 80/% of nitrogen level /(360 kg hm-2/) could decrease NO3--N concentration by 5.0/% /(Xinchang/) 18.7/% /(Jinhua/) as compared with 100/% nitrogen level /(450 kg hm-2/) , Vc and K concentration were significantly increased. There were no significant differences in cabbage yields and nitrate concentration between composed N-P-K. fertilizer containing sulfur and fertilizer containing chlorine as basal manure. Applying composed N-P-K fertilizer containing chlorine as basal manure could increase Vc, N, P, K and Fe concentration, especially significantly increased K and Fe concentration. Effects of different ratios of basal application to top dressing of ASN+DMPP on nitrate accumulation and nutritional quality of greengr

关 键 词： 蔬菜 硝酸盐 营养品质 氮肥 二甲基吡唑磷酸盐

分 类 号： [S143.1 S63]

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]