导　　师： 陈志远

学科专业： H1402

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 汕头大学

摘　　要： 本文介绍了遥感(rs)和地理信息系统(gis)技术在防洪领域的应用，提出了基于遥感和gis技术的洪水预警监测和损失评估系统的设计框架，根据面向对象的思想设计系统的各功能模块，实现数据管理、影像处理、空间分析利模拟输出的功能。论述了根据波谱代数建立适合于水体信息提取的空间分析模型的方法，提出了虚拟波段的概念和在建立空间分析模型中的应用，并简要介绍了sml语言和spatialmodeler，建立了从landsattm影像中提取了水体信息的空间分析模型。探讨了由数字地形图制作流域图的方法，提出了根据山脊线上的点与邻区点的平均高程差距和方位角的邻区标准方差差异提取山脊线的数学模型，并建立空间分析模型。建立了基于tvd法的溃坝模拟模型和暴雨径流模型，并编制了matlab程序。最后还探讨了小波变换技术在影像融和中的应用，并给出了两幅rgb图像的融和例子。 New technologies promise reduced flood losses. However, real-time o bservations with vast multi-sensor networks, more precise mapping capabilities using remote sensing and GIS, quicker hydrological and meteorological models, and increasing forecast lead times have not reduced losses. In this paper, the author discussed the application .of RS /(Remote Sensing/) and GIS /(Geography Information System/) in flood resistance and loss evaluation. Presented the design principle of flood pre-warning monitoring and loss evaluating system. Design the system function modules according to Object-Oriented theory, realize the data managing, image processing, spatial analysis and output simulating function. Discussed a method to build spatial analysis model for water information extraction based on the principle of spectrum algebra. The paper presented virtual band concept and its application in building spatial analysis model, and introduced SML language and Spatial Modeler. In the end, the author extracted water information from a LandSat TM image according to his method. Discussed the method of protracting drainage area from digital elevation model. A mathematical model was presented which can protract ridge line according to the digital elevation difference of ridge point and its neighborhood taking consideration of neighborhood standard variance of aspect. Spatial analysis model was built based on the mathematical model. Built flood runoff model and bust dam simulation model based on the method of TVD, presented the MatLab program. At last, the author discussed the application of wavelet transformation technique in image fusion, and presented an example of fusing two RGB images.

关 键 词： 地理信息系统 遥感技术 空间分析模型 波谱代数 洪水预警监测 流域图 山脊线

分 类 号： [TV877 P208]

领　　域： [水利工程] [天文地球] [天文地球]