导　　师： 李卓佳;申玉春

学科专业： I0801

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东海洋大学

摘　　要： 凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）俗名南美白对虾,原产于太平洋沿岸水域秘鲁北部至墨西哥桑诺拉一带,1988年引至我国试养,2001年起成为我国对虾养殖的最主要品种,占我国对虾养殖产量的60%;斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）俗称草虾、虎虾,在台湾有悠久的养殖历史,20世纪80年代开始在我国大陆大面积养殖,目前为我国对虾养殖的第二大品种。本文对南方地区滩涂土池半集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾和斑节对虾的生长特性进行研究,内容包括滩涂土池半集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾生长和斑节对虾生长两大部分,结合相关水体理化因子和生产纪录对有关结果进行统计分析,得到如下结果。1.滩涂土池半集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾的生长特性研究2009年5月至9月,在广东省茂名市电白县岭门镇冠利达科技生物养殖公司所属的养殖场选取2口凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘,编为Ⅰ池和Ⅲ池,对养殖的凡纳滨对虾进行每周一次连续采样,测试分析其生长的相关数据,研究凡纳滨对虾的生长特性。结果显示,滩涂土池半集约化养殖的凡纳滨对虾体长与体重成幂函数关系,用von Bertallanffy生长方程能够较好的拟合体长、体重的生长曲线。在此条件下,养殖的凡纳滨对虾生长前期主要体现为体长生长,后期主要体现为体重生长。体长、体重生长曲线为:Ⅰ池:Lt=17.6955(1-e(-0.0095（t-12.2421）,Wt=65.2846(1-e-0.0095（t-12.2421）2.8935;Ⅲ池:Lt=16.8567(1-e-0.0104（t-21.1781）),Wt=66.0607(1-e-0.0104（t-21.1781）)3.0292。2.施用益生菌对滩涂土池半集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾生长的影响2009年5月至9月,在广东省茂名市电白县岭门镇冠利达科技生物养殖公司所属的养殖场选取4口凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘,其中2口在养殖过程施用益生菌,编为Ⅱ池和Ⅳ池;2口在养殖过程未使用益生菌,编为Ⅰ池和Ⅲ池。每周一次的连续采集各池养殖的凡纳滨对虾,分析其生长的相关数据,研究施用益生菌对此条件下凡纳滨对虾生长的影响。结果显示,滩涂土池半集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾体长与体重呈幂函数关系,用von Bertallanffy生长方程能够较好的拟合体长、体重的生长曲线。各池养殖凡纳滨对虾体长、体重生长曲线分别为:Ⅰ池:Lt=17.6955(1-e(-0.0095（t-12.2421）（）,Wt=65.2846(1-e(-0.0095（t-12.2421）2.8935;Ⅱ池:Lt=15.1734(1-e-0.0167（t-23.2096）),Wt=46.6974(1-e-0.0167（t-23.2096）)3.0336;Ⅲ池:Lt=16.8567(1-e-0.0104（t-21.1781）),Wt=66.0607(1-e-0.0104（t-21.1781）)3.0292;Ⅳ池:Lt=15.8919(1-e-0.0148（t-21.3041）),Wt=57.362(1-e-0.0148（t-21.3041）)3.2098.施用益生菌的实验组（Ⅱ池和Ⅳ池）凡纳滨对虾的体长、体重分别在日龄56天和55天（即养殖38天和37天）高于各自的对照组,在相同养殖期内实验组与对照组凡纳滨对虾的体长、体重差异显著（P<0.01）,实验组对虾个体饱满,在较短的时间内达到上市规格。3.凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘主要理化因子的变化2009年5月至9月,在广东省茂名市电白县岭门镇冠利达科技生物养殖公司所属的养殖场选取4口凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘,对养殖水体进行每两周一次的连续采样,结合虾池日常管理记录,分析养殖水环境理化因子、营养盐循环、透明度、有机质的变化及。结果表明,养殖过程中水温、pH、盐度及溶解氧呈波动性,pH受池塘底质的影响较大。池塘中氮磷的循环受到底质的影响。透明度与BOD和浮游微藻的生物量存在正相关关系。对虾摄食的饵料占投饵量的主要部分,养殖环境较好的池塘,COD与底泥中有机质在投饵的回归方程中所占的比例相当。使用益生菌能够改善水体的pH值,降低氨氮浓度。4.滩涂土池半集约化养殖斑节对虾的生长特性2009年5月至9月,在广东省茂名市电白县岭门镇冠利达科技生物养殖公司所属的养殖场选取2口斑节对虾半集约化养殖池塘,编为A池和C池,对养殖的斑节对虾进行每周一次连续采样,测试分析其生长的相关数据,研究斑节对虾的生长特性。结果显示,滩涂土池半集约化土池养殖条件下,稳定生长的斑节对虾（A池）体长与体重呈幂函数关系;用Von Bertalanffy生长方程能够较好的拟合对虾的体长、体重生长曲线。A池斑节对虾体长、体重生长曲线为:Lt=15.329(1-e-0.011（t-24.0776）),Wt=63.3857(1-e-0.011（t-24.0776）)3.3753。C池斑节对虾生长受到生活环境的影响体长、体重波动较大,体长、体重的数据无法进行生长方程的相关处理,生长曲线不能拟合其生长的规律。5.施用益生菌对滩涂土池半集约化养殖斑节对虾生长的影响2009年5月至9月,在广东省茂名市电白县岭门镇冠利达科技生物养殖公司所属的养殖场选取4口斑节对虾半集约化养殖池塘,其中2口在养殖过程施用益生菌,编为B池和D池;2口在养殖过程未施用益生菌,编为A池和C池。每周一次连续采集养殖的斑节对虾,测试分析其生长的相关数据,研究斑节虾的生长特性。结果显示,滩涂土池半集约化养殖斑节对虾体长与体重呈幂函数关系。用von Bertallanffy生长方程拟合其中3口塘的斑节对虾的体长、体重的生长曲线。体长、体重生长曲线分别为: A池:Lt=15.329(1-e-0.011（t-24.0776）),Wt=63.3857(1-e-0.011（t-24.0776）)3.3753; B池: Lt=13.9616（1-e-0.0104（t-18.9231））,Wt=38.9398（1-e-0.0104（t-18.9231））3.167;D池:Lt=20.4095(1-e-0.0055（t-1.2909）),Wt=113.4397(1-e-0.0055（t-1.2909）)2.9398;施用益生菌的实验组对虾在不良环境下的存活时间较长;益生菌能够降低蓝藻水华对斑节对虾生长的不良影响。 The Litopenaeus vannamei is commonly called white leg shrimp,and distributes originally in southern Amerian ocean. It was introduced into China in 1988. The Penaeus monodon is commonly called straw shrimp or tiger shrimp,and was cultured in C hina mainland since 1980’s. With aquiculture development so far, Litopenaeus vannami, Penaeus monodon and Feneropenaeus Chinses are three major high yield shrimp species.This paper studies on growth characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture in China southern. Research contents involved the growth characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture, effects of microbial preparation on growth characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture, the physicochemical factor variation in Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive earth pond, the growth characteristics of Penaeus monodon during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture, effects of microbial preparation on growth characteristics of Penaeus monodon during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture. 1.The growth characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture On the purpose of scientific basis for the better manage of Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive earth pond-culture, from May to August in 2009,studies were conducted on the growth characteristics of this shrimp cultured in semi-intensive earth pond. In this way of measure and anlysis to growth parameters/(body length and body weight/) of samples in two earth-pond/(ⅠandⅢ/) during culture, the results show that: The relation between body length and body weight of Litopenaeus vannamei of semi-intensive earth pond-culture could be significantly described by the power function,separately as following: /(Ⅰ/)W= 0.016L2.8935 /(R~2=0.989,P<0.01/), /(Ⅲ/)W=0.0127 L3.0292 /(R~2=0.9911, P<0.01/). In selected earth pond, the body weight growth turning point of Litopenaeus vannamei appeared respectively at the 124th days and 128th days. By using von Bertallanffy growth equation, the growth equations of Litopenaeus vannamei were abtained:Ⅰ:Lt=17.6955/(1-e-0.0095/(t-12.2421/)/),W/_t=65.2846/(1-e-0.0095/(t-12.2421/)/)2.8935;Ⅲ:Lt=16.8567/(1-e~/(-0.0104/(t-21.1781/)/)/),W/_t=66.0607/(1-e~/(-0.0104/(t-21.1781/)/)/)3.0292. 2. Effects of microbial preparation on growth characteristics of Litopenaeus van- namei during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture On the way of growth characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei, the paper studied effects of microbial preparation used in semi-intensive earth pond-culture. From May to September in 2009,30 samples were taken from the four ponds every week, in the way of measure and analysis to growth parameters/(body length and body weight/). The results show that: /(1/)The relationship of body-length and body-weight of Litopenaeus vannamei of control and experimental group could be significantly described by the power function,separately as following:W/_Ⅰ=0.016L2.8935/(R~2=0.989/);W/_Ⅱ=0.0122L~/(3.0366/)/(R~2=0.998 5/);W/_Ⅲ=0.0127L~/(3.0292/)/(R~2=0.9911/);W/_Ⅳ=0.008L~/(3.2098/)/(R~2=0.9974/). The body weight growth turning point of Litopenaeus vannamei appeared respectively at the 124th,128th,24th,22th day. By using von Bertallanffy growth equation, the growth equations of Litopenaeus vannamei were abtained:Ⅰ:L/_t=17.6955/(1-e-0.0095/(t-12.2421/)/),W/_t=65.2846/(1-e-0.0095/(t-12.2421/) /)2.8935;Ⅱ: L/_t=15.1734/(1-e~/(-0.0167/(t-23.2096/)/)/),W/_t=46.6974/(1-e~/(-0.0167/(t-23.2096/)/) /)3.0336;Ⅲ:L/_t=16.8567/(1-e~/(-0.0104/(t-21.1781/)/)/),W/_t=66.0607/(1-e~/(-0.0104/(t-21.1781/)/)/)3.0292;Ⅳ:L/_t=15.8919/(1-e~/(-0.0148/(t-21.3041/)/)/),W/_t=57.362/(1-e~/(-0.0148/(t-21.3041/)/)/)3.2098; /(4/)After application to microbial preparation,shrimps of experimental group were longer and heavier than ones of control group separately at 56th and 55th. There were significant differences on body-longth and body-weight between experimental group and control group in the same of culture/(P<0.01/). Shrimp of experimental group were plump,and grew to salable size at transitory time. 3.The physicochemical factor variation in Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive earth pond For improvement of manage of Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive earth pond-culture, studies were conducted the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei and physical-chemical factors in the ponds. The results show that:High NH/_4-N harmed shrimp growth,many factors influenced the level of NH/_4-N,NO/_3-N and NO/_2-N. Few factors influenced the level of phosphor, acid sediment absorbed phosphor more strongly. With culture time increasing, organic matter accumulated gradually, pond sediment had important influence on decomposition of organic matter in pond system. Microbiological preparation promoted Litopenaeus vannamei growth, increased water pH and DO,relieve NH4-N variation and optimized water envirement of culture. 4. The growth characteristics of Penaeus monodonduring semi-intensive earthen pond-culture On the purpose of enlarging culture scale and improving manage of Penaeus monodon in semi-intensive earth pond-culture, from May to August in 2009, studies were conducted on the growth characteristics of this shrimp cultured in semi-intensive earth pond. In this way of measure and anlysis to growth parameters/(body length and body weight/) of samples in two earth-pond/(A and C/) during culture,the results show that: The relation between body length and body weight of semi-intensive earth pond-culture Penaeus monodon could be significantly described by the power function,separately as following:/(A/)W=0.0083 L~/(3.2753/) /(R~2=0.9988/),/(C/)W=0.0165L~/(2.9235/) /(R~2=0.9956/). In pond A,the body weight growth turning point of Penaeus monodon appeared at the 132th days. By using Von Bertallanffy growth equation,the growth equations of Penaeus monodon were abtained: A:L/_t=15.329/(1-e~/(-0.011/(t-24.0776/)/)/),W/_t=63.3857/(1-e~/(-0.011/(t-24.0776/)/)/)3.3753; /(4/)The Von Bertallanffy growth equation could fit well to growth regularity of Penaeus monodon when shrimps grew stablly. Effected by bad enviroment, datas of body-longth and body-weight fluctuated violently. According to rules, datas couldn’t be dealed and grow equation couldn’d fit growth of Penaeus monodon. 5. Effects of microbial preparation on growth characteristics of Penaeus monod- on during semi-intensive earthen pond-culture On the way of growth characteristics of Penaeus monodon, the paper studied effects of microbial preparation used in semi-intensive earth pond-culture. From May to September in 2009,30 samples were taken from the four ponds every week, in the way of measure and analysis to growth parameters/(body length and body weight/).The results show that: The relationsip of body-length and body-weight of Penaeus monodoni of control and experimental group could be significantly described by the power function,separately as following:WA=0.0083L~/(3.2753/)/(R~2=0.9982/),WB=0.0098L3.167/(R~2=0.9993/),W/_C=0.0165L~/(2.9235/)/(R~2=0.9956/),WD=0.0161L~/(2.9359/)/(R~2=0.9988/). The body weight growth turning point of Litopenaeus vannamei appeared respectively at the 132th,128th,198th day. By using von Bertallanffy growth equation, the growth equations of Penaeus monodoni were abtained: A:L/_t=15.329/(1-e~/(-0.011/(t-24.0776/)/)/),W/_t=63.3857/(1-e~/(-0.011/(t-24.0776/)/)/)~/(3.3753/); B:L/_t=13.9616/(1-e~/(-0.0104/(t-18.9231/)/)/),W/_t=38.9398/(1-e~/(-0.0104/(t-18.9231/)/)/)~/(3.167/); D:L/_t=20.4095/(1-e~/(-0.0055/(t-1.2909/)/)/),W/_t=113.4397/(1-e~/(-0.0055/(t-1.2909/)/)/)~/(2.9398/); /(4/)After application to microbial preparation, shrimps of experimental group survived longer in bad enviroment. Microbial preparation could help Penaeus monodoni to resist bad influence of cyanobacteria bloom.

关 键 词： 凡纳滨对虾 斑节对虾 半集约化 益生菌 养殖水环境

分 类 号： [S96 F32]

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [经济管理]