导　　师： 丁原明

学科专业： A0102

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 山东大学

摘　　要： 马钰/(1123—1183/),本名从义,字宜甫,山东宁海/(今烟台牟平/)人。金大定八年/(1168/)四十六岁时受王重阳分梨十化等方法的教化,抛弃名缰利锁,割舍世俗情缘,出家皈依全真道,被授名为钰、字玄宝、号丹阳子。马钰是中国道教史上著名的“全真七子”之首,全真教创立不久,王重阳即羽化登真,传承与发展全真教的重任落到了七真的肩上。作为当时唯一“得道”之人和实际上的第二任掌教,马钰自然就成为他们中的核心人物。而马钰也没有令王重阳的期待落空,他承前启后,建立了以清静为基本特色的全真内丹心性理论体系,奠定了全真修炼的总体风貌,为继承和发展全真心性学做出了重大贡献,并度化门徒,纵横阐教,对全真教的发展功不可没。 马钰文采斐然,而且全真教自教祖王重阳始就重视诗文对教徒的劝化作用,马钰亦继承了这一特点,他有大量诗词传世。借助其作品我们可以感受并解读其隐微的心路历程和精奥的哲学思想。本文采用历史考证、纵横比较、逻辑分析的方法,本着知人论世的原则,试图从考察马钰生平入手,以其诗词语录等著述为依据,重点阐析马钰的“全真”哲学思想。 马钰继承和发扬了王重阳的“全真”思想,以心性论作指导,重新解读了王重阳的性命双修、先性后命、明心见性等思想,然后又在融合儒释道三教的基础上,主张以心合性,以神气诠释性命,从而建立了一个以“真性”为修持之本体、以清静为炼养功夫,以及损己利他等为代表的宗教伦理等思想体系,奠定了他进行全真修炼的总体理论框架和程序,为推动早期全真道教的发展做出了重大贡献。 本文在导言中说明了本研究的目的、方法及其意义,对前人关于马钰的研究成果进行了梳理。导言指出,当前的马钰研究成果整体数量较少,多集中在对其生平的研究上,对其思想 Ma Yu /(1123-1183/), whose original name is Cong Yi, with Yi-fu as his courtesy name, was born in Ninghai, Shandong /(now Mouping, Yantai in Shandong Province/). In 1168, at the age of 46, inspired by Wang Chong-yang's preaching, Ma Yu abandoned his secular life, converted to Taoism, and was given the name Yu, together with titles including Xuan Bao and Danyang Zi. Ma Yu is considered the head of the seven masters of Quanzhen Sect in the history of Chinese Taoism, and was in charge of the second-generation of the Quanzhen Taoist Sect. By inheriting and refining Wang Chongyang's thoughts, he has made great contribution to the development of Taoism. The Quanzhen sect laid great emphasis on the application of literature in converting disciples and followers. Ma Yu, with his great talent in literature, inherited this tradition. He composed a large body of poetry. By analyzing his works, we can also understand Ma Yu and interpret his profound philosophy. By putting Ma Yu against the historical background, and based on the interpretation of his poems and quotations, this dissertation attempts to focus on the interpretation of Ma Yu's Taoist philosophy, namely the philosophy of inner alchemy proposed by Wang Chongyang, which is characterized by the ideas of cultivation of both Xing and Ming, revealing the Xing by clarifying the Heart, and integration of the three religions.The dissertation also tries to analyze his thoughts of education and ethics, and tries to objectively and fairly evaluate the status and contributions of him in the history of Quanzhen Sect. Wang Chongyang passed away soon after the foundation of Quanzhen Sect, leaving the responsibility of development of the Sect on the Seven Masters. As the only Master acquiring Tao by then and the second Head of Quanzhen Sect, Ma Yu became the mainstay among the seven masters. Ma Yu lived up to Wang Chongyang's expectation and proved to be a qualified successor to him. On the basis of Wang Chongyang's theory of Inner Alchemy featured by Cultivation of bot

关 键 词： 马钰 三教圆融 真性本体 清静炼养 功行合一 教化方式

领　　域： [文化科学] [文化科学] [哲学宗教]