导　　师： 廖进中

学科专业： B0206

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湖南大学

摘　　要： 银行海外扩张是金融业参与世界竞争的基本前提,也是当今世界银行业发展的一个历史趋势。自上世纪八十年代以来,由于各国政府对金融管制和外汇管制的放松以及采取金融自由化的政策,金融全球化进程明显加快,各国商业银行相互在对方国家设立分支机构,实现组织机构的国际渗透,银行海外扩张的发展已成为金融全球化的一个重要表现和内容。随着中国改革开放的不断深入和国民经济的进一步发展壮大,商业银行进入了高速发展的黄金时期,许多商业银行正在酝酿海外扩张计划,海外扩张正在悄然兴起。但是,由于中国商业银行开展海外扩张的时间不长,其海外扩张的发展与世界大银行相比存在很大差距。因此,研究中国商业银行海外扩张,揭示其规律,为其参与国际竞争提供理论和方法上的支持,是一个有重要理论价值和现实意义的经济学选题。
　　 传统对外直接投资理论的研究对象是制造业,到目前为止,还没有专业阐述包括银行业在内的服务业海外扩张理论,而能否将传统对外直接投资理论应用于服务业学术界还存在不同观点。论文回顾了传统对外直接投资理论,重点回顾了邓宁早期的折衷范式及其对该理论的修正与扩展,探析了对外直接投资理论适用于服务业的原因,并以折衷范式为例就对外直接投资理论应用于服务业跨国公司的特征进行了一般分析,然后把商业银行作为服务业的重要组成部分,进一步论述了折衷范式对商业银行海外扩张的解释力,并得出结论:相对于其它传统对外直接投资理论,该理论具有较强的解释力。
　　 基于折衷范式能较好地解释商业银行海外扩张现象,本文从银行海外扩张的历史与现状出发,借鉴扩展的折衷范式,结合银行业的特点和中国的实际,重点探讨了中国商业银行海外扩张的动因、竞争优势、区位选择、方式选择和机构形式选择等问题。第一,在把商业银行当作一个独立的“经济人”的假设前提下对银行海外扩张动因进行理论模型分析,在此基础上,在折衷范式的框架下进一步分析了银行海外扩张的一般动因,即追随海外投资与贸易客户、利用经营管理诀窍、获取东道国利润机会、获得规模经济和范围经济等。并提出中国商业银行海外扩张既有银行海外扩张的一般动因,也有利用现有特定优势、吸收和利用当地先进技术和经营经验、为资本寻找出路等特有动因。第二,运用扩展的折衷范式,从银行自身优势和母国优势两个层面分析和构建了评价银行海外扩张竞争优势的指标体系,并运用这一指标体系对中国商业银行海外扩张竞争优势进行了实证分析,研究结果表明,中国商业银行已具备一定的海外扩张竞争优势。其中,自身优势主要有银行规模、在海外华人华侨中的信誉、银企关系及信息优势等,而中国经济持续快速发展、中国与世界经济的联系同益增强及中国政府对商业银行海外扩张的支持与鼓励则构成了中国商业银行海外扩张的母国优势。研究结果同时也表明,中国商业银行海外扩张竞争优势还存在诸多不足,特别是自身优势方面与发达国家银行相比存在较大差距,突出表现在中国商业银行管理水平较低、盈利能力不强、专业人才缺乏等方面,中国商业银行仍需“苦练内功”。第三,运用扩展的折衷范式,分析了影响银行海外扩张区位选择的因素,建立了银行海外扩张区位选择的定量分析模型,在定性与定量分析的基础上,结合中国实际,提出中国商业银行应以港澳地区作为海外扩张的基地和窗口、将亚洲国家和地区作为重点选择区域、稳步拓展欧美发达国家市场并谨慎选择其它国家和地区。第四,从制造业跨国公司进入方式入手,结合银行业的特点,分析得出银行海外扩张主要有新设机构和跨国并购两种方式,并对这两种银行海外扩张方式的优缺点进行比较分析,同时考察了跨国银行、东道国银行及东道国政策当局三者之间就跨国银行进入东道国市场方式选择的博弈过程,建立银行海外扩张方式选择的定量分析模型,在定性与定量分析的基础上,提出中国商业银行应继续选择新建机构方式,并策略性地选择跨国并购方式。第五,比较分析了银行海外扩张机构形式的优缺点,从银行自身优势和东道国区位条件两个方面对影响银行海外扩张机构形式选择的因素进行分析,在此基础上,提出中国商业银行海外扩张机构形式选择的对策。 Bank of expansion abroad in the financial sector to participate in the basic premise of global competition, the banking industry in today's world is a historical trend of development. Since the 1980s, speed of financial globalization is obviously accelerating due to deregulation of the financial system control and financial liberalization policy. Commercial banks all over the world build branches in other countries and achieve mutual communication in the aspect organization, development of bank expansion abroad has become an important performance and content. With China's reform and opening up the deepening and further development and growth of the national economy, commercial banks have entered the golden era of rapid development, many commercial banks are making plans to expand abroad, expansion abroad is quietly rising. However, there is a big gap of the development between Chinese commercial banks and other bigger ones in the world, due to the Chinese commercial banks started expansion abroad not long before.Therefore, to study the expansion abroad of the Chinese commercial banks , and to reveal its laws is an econmic topic, which have both theoretical implication and empirical economic signficiance . Traditional transnational investment theories are only to study the manufacturing sector, and so far, there is no elaborated professional theory of expansion abroad in services, including banking, and whether traditional theories of transnational investment can be applied to services or not still exists different perspectives in academia. Based on recalling the traditional theories of transnational investment, this thesis discusses its applicability to service sector, and analyses its application characteristics, and then chooses the commercial banks as an important component of the service sector, further analyses the explanatory capability of the OLI Paradigm to commercial banks for expansion abroad, and then comes to the conclusion: Compared to other traditional transnational investment theories, this theory enjoys a stronger explanatory capability. In this paper, based on the history and current situation of the bank's expansion abroad, based on the Ecletic Paradigm of the expansion, and combined with the characteristics of the banking industry and China's reality, focuses on the motives, competitive advantages, location choice, mode choice and organizational form choice of banking expansion abroad, etc. First, based on theoretical models, in the framework of the Ecletic Paradigm, this thesis analyze the common motives of bank's expansion abroad, i.e. to follow the customers, to use the operation and management strategies, to seize the opportunity of being the host country, and to enjoy the economic of scale and the scope of economic, etc. And this thesis also brings forward expansion abroad of China's commercial banks enjoys the general motives of banking expansion abroad, and also enjoys other special motives, such as using the existing special advantages, absorbing and utilizing the local advanced technology and management experience, and finding a way out with much capital on hand. Second, from the banks’own advantages and home advantages, this thesis analyzes the factors that influence the banking expansion abroad, based on the factors, evidence research on the China’s commercial banks competitive advantages of expansion abroad was conducted, which manifested that China’s commercial banks have had competitive advantages of expansion abroad. And their own advantages main include the banks’size, credit among overseas Chinese who live abroad, relations between Chinese firms and banks and the information, etc. However, the rapid development of Chinese economy, the link between China and the world's economy growing, and the support and encourage of the Chinese government to expand abroad constitute the expansion abroad of China's home advantage. This thesis also suggests that the competitive advantages in expansion abroad of China's commercial banks still have a lot of deficiencies. Particularly, there is a big gap between the China’s banks’and the developed countries’own advantages. Therefore, the Chinese commercial banks still need to improve their own skills. Third, this thesis analyzes the factors that influence the location chioce of banks’expansion abroad, establishes the quantitative analysis model of the location choice, and with the qualitative and quantitative analysis, based on the combination of China's reality, proposes the gradual location expansion strategies for Chinese commercial banks’expansion abroad. Fourth, this thesis carries out a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the way of banks’expansion abroad, studies the game process of choosing the way how the cross-border banks to enter the markets of the host country among the cross-border banks, banks of the host country and the policy of the host country, establishes the quantitative analysis model of the mode choice, and with the qualitative and quantitative analysis, proposes that the Chinese commercial bank should contiue to build new mode of investment and choose the mode of cross-border M/&A strategically. Fifth, this thesis analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the organizational form of the banks’ expansion abroad, and studies the factors that influence the choice of organizational form from the aspects of banks’own advantages and the host country’s location advantage, and on this basis, establishes the strategy how to choose the organizational form for Chinese commercial banks to expand abroad.

关 键 词： 商业银行 海外扩张 区位选择 外直接投资 折衷范式

分 类 号： [F832.33]

领　　域： [经济管理]