导　　师： 唐德根

学科专业： E0211

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湘潭大学

摘　　要： 文化预设，简单地说是指由一定民族或社会文化决定地“社会共识”或“群体意识”，即思维定型和行为模式。这种社会共识或群体意识并不是时代遗传积淀的心理经验，而是特定群体社会经验的整合。在此基础上建立的“常规关系”——文化规约的内涵也存在着明显的差异。不同文化背景的译者在翻译时，会不自觉地以各自的社会意识或群体意识解释或理解不同文化中的同一文化现象，因此要使翻译成功，就要求译者不仅要熟悉所涉及的两种语言在结构上和语篇上的异同点，而且要熟悉这两种语言的使用特征和社会文化规范，这样才能正确理解原文的信息，并在符合译文读者的文化与认知期待的条件下，把原文作者意欲传达给读者的信息正确地通过译作传达出来。因此，理解文化预设和如何在翻译中适当处理文化预设是一个值得高度注意的问题。但是对于翻译中的文化预设的应对方面的研究却重视不够。
　　 本文对文化预设的定义、形成原因、特点、功能、分类等进行了研究，文章得出以下两个结论：
　　 一、译者对文化预设进行跨文化的理解是扬弃本族文化预设、重构外来文化的新的文化预设的文化预设转换过程。要正确处理翻译中的源语文化预设和目的语文化预设，译者必须要有很强的跨文化意识，能够意识到源语和目的语两种不同文化预设的存在，否则文化预设误读的现象就会出现，并严重影响翻译的效果。
　　 二、对于源语与目的语的不同的文化预设，译者要采取各种翻译策略以求在译文中最大限度地重构源语文化预设，帮助目的语读者消除阅读中出现的意义真空，建立语义连贯，达到跨文化沟通的目的。 Cultural presupposition is a kind of social common awareness or group awareness that is determined by a certain nation or social culture in brief, i.e. stereotyped thinking and behavioral patterns. This kind of common awareness or group awareness is an integration of the social experiences of certain community rather than the accumulated psychological experiences passed down with times. Based on these experiences, the connotation of cultural norms which can be called 'regular relation”is different greatly. Translators from different cultural backgrounds unconsciously explain or understand the same cultural phenomenon in different cultures with their own social awareness or group awareness. In order to translate successfully, translators are required to get familiar not only with the similarities and differences of the structure and discourse of the two involved languages but also with the using characteristics and social cultural norms. Thus, they can correctly understand the messages in the original text and transfer the writer’s intended meaning to the readers through their work in the condition fit for the culture and the cognitive expectations of the readers of the translation. Therefore, it becomes a problem calling for highly attention that how to understand cultural presupposition and how to properly deal with cultural presupposition in translation. This paper does tentative research on the definition of cultural presupposition, the forming reasons of cultural presupposition, the characteristics of cultural presupposition, the functions of cultural presupposition and the classifications of cultural presupposition, etc. Then it discusses the operating rules of cultural presuppositions in translation. It comes to the following two conclusions: first, the translators’cross-cultural understanding of cultural presupposition is a transferring process of cultural presupposition in which the translators pick and choose the cultural message of their own nation and reconstruct the new cultural presupposition of the incoming cultures. And in order to handle the cultural presuppositions of SL and TL properly in translation, translators are required to have strong cross-cultural awareness and recognize the existence of the two different cultural presuppositions. Otherwise misreading of cultural presuppositions will occur and severely influence the translation; second, as to the different cultural presuppositions of SL and TL, translators should adopt all kinds translating strategies to reconstruct cultural presuppositions of SL in translation to a maximum, helping the readers of TL to reduce the sense of vacuum in reading, so as to establish semantic coherence and achieve the aim of cross-cultural communication.

关 键 词： 翻译策略 文化预设 功能分类 语义连贯 跨文化沟通

分 类 号： [H059]

领　　域： [语言文字]