导　　师： 贾智平

学科专业： H1201

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 山东大学

摘　　要： 嵌入式系统的应用越来越广泛，随着嵌入式系统与网络的日益结合，在嵌入式实时操作系统中引入tcp/ip协议栈，以支持嵌入式设备接入网络，成为嵌入式领域重要的研究方向。作为嵌入式系统的基础元件之一，fpga（现场可编程门阵列）的面貌正日新月异：逻辑单元不断增加、单位成本和功耗不断降低，而根本的设计灵活性和快速转换能力却始终未变。fpga之所以越来越多地在嵌入式系统中得到应用，主要得益于它在低成本和低功耗两方面均取得了很好的进步，从而能够满足oem日益紧迫的上市周期、不断缩减的成本结构和低功耗要求。当嵌入式系统与fpga、soc（片上系统）、sopc（可编程片上系统）相结合时，在未来对人们的影响更为深远。 在fpga自动化设计过程中，布局起到了十分关键的作用，因为布局质量的高低直接影响到了布线及fpga的整体性能。由于布线资源占用了fpga约70％～80％的芯片面积和约50％～60％的信号时延，而一个好的布局算法能够减少布线拥挤并最小程度减少布线资源的占用，因此在工艺条件一定的情况下，布局算法对fpga的设计起着至关重要的作用。但是目前的布局算法普遍存在收敛速度慢、易陷于局部最优等问题。因此，本文给出了将蚁群与粒子群混合算法应用于fpga布局问题，即在蚁群布局算法中引入粒子群优化算法思想，称为粒子群蚁群布局算法（psac）。psac算法结合蚁群算法和粒子群算法的优点，并利用了交叉变异的思想，对每个粒子进行交叉变异操作，并且与个体极值和全局极值进行交叉，考虑了优生的思想，因此可以显著提高计算效率，具有较大的实用价值。 sopc是基于fpga的片上系统，代表了fpga的发展方向，本文将sopc与嵌入式网络系统相结合，提出了基于sopc的嵌入式网络通信系统。首先，基于niosⅡ软核处理器建立了嵌入式网络通信系统硬件平台，给出了sopc builder及quartus设计的系统硬件结构，从而能够满足嵌入式系统产品日益紧迫的上市周期、不断缩减的成本结构和低功耗要求。然后，在niosⅡide开发环境下给出了软件设计过程，操作系统采用了目前流行的嵌入式实时操作系统μc/os-Ⅱ，并将目前流行的嵌入式网络协议栈lwip移植到nios系统中。最后，分析了对基于sopc的嵌入式网络通信系统中的嵌入式网络协议栈的进程模型，及该协议栈中各层协议实现过程。在此基础上，提出了从内存管理、任务调度及协议内容三个方面对该嵌入式网络协议栈进行性能改进的方案。 Embedded network communication systems are widely applied now. As embedded network communication systems are increasingly integrated with the network, introducing the TCP//IP protocol stack into embedded real time operating system to support embedded device access network becomes an important research area for embedded system.As a basic component of embedded system, FPGA /(Field Programmable Gate Array/) develop rapidly. The logic cells are growing and the unit costs and power consumption are reducing. While fundamental design flexibility and rapid conversion capacity has remained unchanged. The reason why more and more FPGA have applied in embedded system is that its low-cost and low power consumption has both achieved good progress. So it can meet the increasingly product listing cycles, constantly reducing the cost structure and low power requirements. What's more, when embedded system combines with FPGA, SOC /(System on Chip/) and SOPC /(System on Programmable Chip/), the combination will draw much more impact on future. In the FPGA design automation, the quality of placement draw a direct impact on routing and the overall performance of FPGA, so placement play a very crucial role. The routing resources occupy about 70/% to 80/% of the chip area and about 50/% to 60/% of the signal delay. On the same time, a good placement algorithm can reduce routing congestion and minimize routing resource to be occupied. Therefore, on the current process conditions, placement algorithm plays a vital role for FPGA design. But the current placement algorithms have some widespread problems such as slow convergence, easily caught in local optima etc. So, this thesis presents mixed of ant colony and particle swarm for FPGA placement /(PSAC/). PSAC combines ant colony algorithm with particle swarm algorithm, and takes advantage of the cross-variation of the idea. What's more, PSAC run cross-variation operation for each particle and cross with individual extremum and global extremum, that is, it considers the idea of eugenic, so it can significantly improve the computational efficiency. SOPC are FPGA-based system-on chip and represent the direction of development of FPGA. This thesis represents an embedded network communication system hardware based on SOPC which combines embedded system with SOPC. First, the embedded network communication system, set up based on NiosII, can meet the increasingly product listing cycles, constantly reducing the cost structure and low power requirements. Second, on the NiosII IDE condition, the software design process is represented and operating system uses the current popular embedded real-time operating systemμC//OS-II. Then, the current popular embedded network protocol stack LwIP is transplanted into the Nios system. Finally, through the analysis of the process model in the embedded network protocol stack of the embedded network communication system based on SOPC, this thesis represents that the performance of the embedded network communication system is improved from three aspects including memory management, task scheduling and content of the protocol stack.

关 键 词： 嵌入式系统 现场可编程门阵列 可编程片上系统 自动化设计 硬件结构 网络协议

分 类 号： [TP393.02]

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术]