作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 福建农林大学植物保护学院

出　　处： 《昆虫学报》 2004年第2期260-268,共9页

摘　　要： 就害虫综合治理的研究而言 ,农田生态系统可以区分出作物生境和邻近作物的非作物生境。昆虫从作物生境迁移到非作物生境 ,与作物生境缺乏食物或受人类栽培活动干扰而引起的自然迁移、转换寄主和寻求庇护场所有关。许多研究表明 ,与特定作物田块相联系的植被类型和结构可影响害虫及其天敌迁居的种类、数量和时间。因此 ,我们可以通过改变大田周围非作物生境的植被组成及特征来调控农业生态系统中害虫与天敌的相互关系 ,提高天敌对害虫的控制效能。由于景观的空间格局对节肢动物的生物学特性有直接或间接的影响 ,所以 ,以景观为单元要比以同类作物的田块为单元更加适于害虫综合治理的研究和实施。在现代农业景观区域内重新引入和相嵌一些非栽培植物或廊道 ,可为众多有益节肢动物的繁殖。 An agroecosystem can be identified as an area which includes crop habitat and non-crop habitat adjacent to the targeted crop for research on integrated pest management. Insect movement from the crop habitat to the adjacent non-crop habitat can be related to natural dispersal, host alternation and shelter seeking due to lack of suitable food or cultivation-caused disturbances in the crop habitat. Many studies suggest that the vegetational settings and structure associated particular crop fields can influence the kind, abundance, and time of colonization of insect pests and their natural enemies. Compositions and characteristics of the vegetation around crop fields can therefore be modified to regulate inter-relationships of the crop pests and their natural enemies in agroecosystems, and to enhance ecological functions of the enemies for pest management. A landscape rather than a single homogeneous field may often be the appropriate unit for research and implementation of integrated pest management since the spatial patterns of the landscape influence the biology of arthropods both directly and indirectly. Reintroducing a mosaic structure composed of various uncultivated plants or corridors into modern agricultural landscape can lead to the creation of multiple non-crop habitats for reproduction, feeding and shelter for a number of beneficial species of arthropods.

关 键 词： 农田生态系统 非作物生境 多样性 害虫综合治理

领　　域： [生物学]