作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所

出　　处： 《环境与健康杂志》 2004年第2期67-71,共5页

摘　　要： 目的了解SARS冠状病毒在体外环境中的存活规律,并研究氯和二氧化氯灭活SARS冠状病毒的效果,为切断SARS病毒的传播提供依据。方法采用SARS冠状病毒加标方法观察病毒在粪便、尿液及不同水体中的存活情况,采用次氯酸钠和二氧化氯消毒污水中的SARS冠状病毒,观察灭活病毒效果。结果加标的SARS冠状病毒在体外环境中的存活情况随温度而异,20℃避光条件下在医院污水、生活污水和脱氯自来水中只能存活2d,在粪便中可以存活3d,在生理盐水中可以存活14d,在尿液中可以存活17d;4℃情况下,SARS冠状病毒在上述各种水体中均可以存活14d以上,在粪尿中可以存活17d以上。SARS冠状病毒在污水中对消毒剂的抵抗力比大肠杆菌及f2噬菌体都低,在相同加氯量或余氯量情况下,氯制剂对SARS冠状病毒的灭活效果优于二氧化氯。当污水中游离余氯量保持在0.5mg/L(氯制剂)或2.19mg/L(二氧化氯)以上时可以保证完全灭活污水中的SARS冠状病毒,但对大肠杆菌和f2噬菌体则不能完全灭活。结论SARS冠状病毒在体外环境中存活时间短,对氯和二氧化氯敏感。 Objective To investigate the survival principle of SARS-conarovirus (SARS-Cov) in environments and to explore the inactivation effect of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on SARS-Cov with the aim of providing some basis for blocking its'main route of transmission. Methods SARS-Cov were added into the excrement samples, urine samples and other water samples and were disinfected by sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide. The survival ability of SARS-Cov and the effects of those two disinfectants on the inactivation of SARS-Cov were observed. Results The survival of SARS-Cov changed with the variation of temperature in external environment.It was showed that SARS-Cov could only survive for 2 days in hospital sewage, domestic sewage and dechlorinated tap water, while 3 days in excrement samples, 14 days in physiological saline and 17 days in urine samples protected from light in vitro at 20 ℃ . At 4 ℃, SARS-Cov could survive for 14 days in all above water samples and 17 days in excrement samples and urine samples. Resistibility of SARS-Cov to disinfectants in sewage sample was lower than those of E. coli and f2 phage. At the same disinfectant dosage or residual chlorine concentration , chlorine had better inactivation effect than chlorine dioxide did.The residual chlorine concentration of more than 0.5 mg/L or chlorine dioxide concentration of more than 2.19 mg/L was enough for the complete inactivation of SARS-Cov in sewage, but not enough for E. coli and f2 phage. Conclusion The survival time of SARS-Cov was shorter and more susceptible to chlorine and chlorine dioxide in external environment.

关 键 词： 冠状病毒 消毒 氯

领　　域： [生物学]