作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所

出　　处： 《盐湖研究》 2003年第4期28-32,共5页

摘　　要： 以柴达木盆地土地利用现状图为基本图件,在GIS支持下编制了柴达木盆地土地利用景观图。在此基础上选取多种景观指数,即选取斑块大小、斑块数、聚集度、相似邻接百分比、景观优势度指数、面积加权的平均斑块分形指数、散布与并列指数、香农多样性指数和香农均度指数等主要景观格局指数,定量地分析柴达木盆地荒漠绿洲景观格局特征。结果表明:柴达木盆地景观的主要斑块类型为未利用土地和草地,二者面积之和占全区的95%左右;绿洲景观以耕地、园地、林地以及城镇工矿用地等形式镶嵌在景观中,它们由于受到绿洲内人类活动的强烈影响,分形指数大,破碎度高;园地、水域与沼泽、林地和耕地的分布均比较分散,与其它类型相互混杂分布,说明绿洲内部缺乏高度连接的景观,生态系统脆弱;总体上看,柴达木盆地的景观比较单调,多样性指数较小,破碎化程度较低,景观异质性不高。 The Qaidam Basin, as a famous inland basin in China, is composed of different ecosystems such as mountain, oasis and desert. Its landscape structure is mainly manifested by the desert-oasis pattern. In this paper, area of patches, number of patches, aggregation index,percentage of like adjacencies, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension of patches,interspersion and juxtaposition index, Shannon's diversity index, and Shannon's evenness index are calculated by GIS and FRAGSTATS to analyze the spatial distribution and spatial structure of the landscape types in Qaidam Basin. The results indicate that: ① The main patch types are grassplot and unavailable land in Qaidam Basin landscape, and their total area percent is about 95;② Plantations, garden plots, woodlands, cities and diggings are mosaic in the oasis landscape. Due to intensive human activities in oasis landscape, their fragmentation index and fractal dimension indice are high. Garden plot, water and swamp, woodland and plantation distribute dispersedly and disorderly with other patch types, which presented that the landscape lacks highly conjunction in oasis and the ecosystem of oasis is frangible; ③ As a whole, Qaidam Basin has a simpler landscape,with lower diversity index, lower degree of fragmentation and lower heterogeneity.

关 键 词： 荒漠绿洲 景观格局 景观指数 柴达木盆地

领　　域： [天文地球]