作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

出　　处： 《地理学报》 2003年第3期470-476,共7页

摘　　要： 通过对北京市近郊区349处土壤的取样调查,利用地统计学方法研究了北京市土壤中镍的空间结构和分布特征。结果显示,镍的空间结构性较好,具有明显的可迁性特点,块金效应所占的比例较大;实验变异函数可用指数模型拟合,利用所得模型进行克立格插值得到土壤镍含量的分布图,发现北京市土壤中,镍的含量分布具有明显的西北低而东南高的趋势。与北京市土壤镍含量的背景值进行对比,全市土壤并不存在非常严重的镍污染,其空间分布主要受成土母质制约;但是人类活动、风向、河流等人文和自然条件对镍的空间结构和分布格局也有一定程度的影响。 Geostatistics has proven to be useful for characterizing and mapping spatial variability of soil properties. Provided with the development of GIS and GPS, in this paper, the spatial characteristic of Ni contents in soils of Beijing was studied using geostatistics. Some 349 samples of surface soils were collected from suburbs of Beijing. Spatial structure was described with variogram. The results show that well-defined structure with nonzero nugget effect, distinct sills and ranges and can be fitted with exponential model (R 2 = 0.75, p < 0.01), which is mostly influenced by parent materials. The relative range will reach 8 km. The spatial distribution of Ni contents shows that Ni contents of soils are high in southeast district and low in northwest district, which is influenced strongly by anthropogenic factors (metal smelting and petroleum industry) functioned by natural conditions of wind and river. Variogram analysis shows that the spatial structure of Ni has geometric anisotropy whose ratio is 1.3. The major axis is in NE-SW direction in which there is the longest range. In this study, using background value as standard, Ni pollution was not found in soils of Beijing.

关 键 词： 土壤 镍 空间结构 地统计学 变异函数 克立格插值

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]