作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 广东省农业科学院

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2003年第12期2624-2630,共7页

摘　　要： 利用作用因子生命表技术 ,组建芥菜、芥蓝、小白菜和菜心 4种十字花科蔬菜上小菜蛾自然种群连续世代生命表 ,分析寄主植物和生物因子对小菜蛾种群数量的控制作用。结果表明 :在 4种十字花科蔬菜的一造菜上 ,小菜蛾均能完成两个世代。虽然小菜蛾在芥菜上的初始卵量最高 ,但害虫种群总增长倍数在芥蓝上最高 ,其次为小白菜 ,菜心和芥菜 ,分别为 1 7.64、1 1 .90、1 1 .43和 3.76。这说明尽管芥菜对小菜蛾成虫的产卵有一定的吸引作用 ,但不适合小菜蛾生长发育。芥蓝是最适宜小菜蛾种群增长的寄主。生物因子在小菜蛾自然种群控制中起着重要的作用 ,但是在不同种类十字花科蔬菜上 ,天敌类群对小菜蛾控制作用存在一定差异。除芥菜之外 ,寄生性天敌对芥蓝、菜心和小白菜上的小菜蛾种群控制作用最大 ,其次为“捕食及其它”,病原微生物的控制作用最小。“捕食及其它”对芥菜上小菜蛾种群的作用非常明显 ,如果排除此因子作用 ,小菜蛾种群两代后将增长 1 2 6.0 3倍。该因子是导致芥菜小菜蛾自然种群增长趋势指数低的主要原因。因此在制定小菜蛾防治策略时 ,应考虑蔬菜的种类和布局 ,加大对芥蓝小菜蛾种群的防治力度 ;芥菜可作为一种诱杀植物种植 ,以吸引小菜蛾产卵 ,并集中防治。 The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is an important, damaging insect of cruciferous crops worldwide and has become the most serious insect pest on crucifers in South China where the frequency of outbreaks has increased rapidly since the 1970s. The diamondback moth feeds only on cruciferous crops and its host preference is related to concentrations of mustard oils and glucosides in crucifers. Although all members of the family Cruciferae can serve as host plants certain species of crucifers are pre-eminently suitable as DBM hosts as they improve population survival rate and adult fecundity. The life table method is effective and is often used to analyze and evaluate the effect of environmental factors such as rainfall, predators and parasitoids on diamondback moth populations. In order to objectively and quantitatively assess host suitability of crucifers to the diamondback moth, the four most important crucifers grown in Guangdong Province, South China, flowering Chinese cabbage, Chinese kale, leaf mustard and Pak-choi, were selected as the survey host crops. In our study these four crops were planted at the same time, in plots of 1/30 hectare, respectively. The life tables of DBM on each crop were constructed based on both the data of systematic surveys of DBM populations in the field and population parameters estimated in the laboratory. The survey was conducted at two-day intervals from mid April to the end of May 1997, in a suburb of Shenzhen city, Guangdong, South China. At least 20 units containing about 0.11 square meters of crops were sampled randomly in every crop every 2 days. The numbers of all stages of DBM and its natural enemies were recorded systematically and a certain number of DBM eggs, larvae and pupae were taken back to the Lab to estimate the parasitism, death rate and fecundity of females. The results are as follows.Among the four crops, leaf mustard seems the most preferable host for the adult of DBM. The significantly higher numbers of DBM eggs on leaf mustard indicated t

关 键 词： 小菜蛾 十字花科蔬菜 生命表 芥菜 诱杀作物 中国 自然种群

领　　域： [生物学]