作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国海洋大学水产学院海水养殖教育部重点实验室

出　　处： 《中国水产科学》 2003年第6期495-501,共7页

摘　　要： 在人工育苗条件下,对0到40日龄大黄鱼(Pseudosciaenacrocea,Richardson)仔、稚鱼及早期幼鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行研究。水温(24±1)℃时,孵化后0～5d属于仔鱼期,6～20d为稚鱼期,第21天起转为幼鱼期。大黄鱼仔鱼孵化3d后开口摄食;开口时平均口径为240μm,40日龄达2480μm;口径的大小变化与日龄的关系是:y=0.2327e0.0682x,R2=0.9492。试验用的生物饵料与实际生产一致,包括轮虫、丰年虫无节幼体、活桡足类和冷藏桡足类。不同生长期的大黄鱼鱼苗的摄食活动具有明显的昼夜节律:在1昼夜(24h)中,仔鱼仅在18:00左右出现1个摄食高峰,而稚鱼和幼鱼除了在18:00左右出现1个显著的摄食高峰外,在10:00左右还有1个相对小的摄食高峰。仔、稚、幼鱼夜间基本不摄食。大黄鱼鱼苗具有较高的摄食率和饱食率,随着生长而迅速升高。仔、稚、幼鱼的生长速度具有明显的阶段性,1～2日龄仔鱼生长较快,5～9日龄生长减慢,21～30日龄生长加快,31～40日龄生长减慢。这与鱼苗的食物转换和饵料生物的营养变化有关:5～9日龄生长减慢是由于鱼苗由混合营养转变为外源性营养所致;31～40日龄生长减慢是因为冷藏桡足类的营养价值较低。鱼体全长与日龄的关系式为y=3.2552e0.0472x,R2=0.9710;体长与日龄的关系式为y=3.3205e0.0374x,R2=0.9777;? Under commercial hatchery conditions, the feeding habits and growth performance of Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) larvae and juveniles during the first 40 d after hatch were studied. The prolarval stage lasted for 5 d after hatch, and postlarval stage appeared from 6th day to 20th day. From 21st day, it became juvenile fish. The mouth width was 240 μm when larval mouth opened at 3rd day, and then increased to 2 480 μm at 40th day. The relationship between mouth width and fish age in days was expressed as: y=0.232 7e0.068 2x (R2=0.949 2). During 40 d after hatch, the larvae and juveniles were fed with rotifers, Artemia nauplii and live/frozen copepods according to a designed regime in commercial practice. The fish at all stages demonstrated a very obvious feeding rhythm, having a highest feeding peak around 18:00. Besides this peak, the postlarvae and juveniles had another feeding peak around 10:00. They seldom fed during the night, indicating that light intensity determined their feeding activity. The feeding rate and stomach fullness coefficient of the fish at the three stages were generally high. The growth rate of fish was higher during 1-2 and 21-30 d after hatch, but slower during 5-9 and 31-40 d after hatch. The transition from mixed (endogenous and exogenous) nutrition to completely exogenous nutrition led to slower growth rate of fish during 5-9 d after hatch. The decline of nutritional value of frozen copepods resulted in slower growth rate of fish during 31-40 d after hatch. The relationships of total length, body length, and body weight to age in days were y=3.255 2e0.047 2x (R2=0.971 0), y=3.320 5e0.037 4x (R2=0.977 7) and y=0.045 2e0.123 5x (R2=0.969 0), respectively. The relationships of body weight to total length and body length were expressed as y=0.117 7x2-0.221 3x-0.265 1 (R2=0.9911) and y=0.355 8x2-2.175x+3.813 1 (R2=0.9900), respectively. The relationships of mouth width to total length and body length were expressed

关 键 词： 大黄鱼 仔鱼 稚鱼 幼鱼 摄食习性 生长特性

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]