作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学工程学院

出　　处： 《农业工程学报》 2003年第6期114-117,共4页

摘　　要： 精确喷施农药的效果取决于喷施药液在农作物 (靶标 )上的有效沉积。研究作物上层枝叶对农药的雾滴截留 ,为喷雾器具的优化设计、性能改进以及正确使用等提供技术依据 ;对合理喷施农药、提高农药的利用率、减少农药污染、保障食品安全具有重要意义。本试验研究以染料Rhodamine -B溶解成一定浓度的溶液代替农药对水稻田进行喷雾。用采样架沿水稻高度方向分 3层采集水稻植株样品。用荧光分光光度计测定雾滴在水稻某一层间的沉积量。本试验研究提出了定量分析上层水稻植株叶面截留对雾滴沉积影响的方法 ,分别对早稻与晚稻进行了试验。结果表明 :在按距离地面 40cm以上、2 0～ 40cm之间、5～ 2 0cm之间对水稻分层时 ,上层水稻植株的雾滴截留对中层、底层水稻植株雾滴沉积影响的比例系数分别为 :-0 .6615 (早稻为 -0 .7493 )、-0 .3 3 86(早稻为 -0 .2 5 11) ;对地面雾滴损失影响的比例系数为 -1.14 41。提出了喷雾沉积的不均匀系数。试验结果表明 ,上层水稻枝叶对雾滴截留不会改善中层及底层水稻植株喷雾沉积的均匀性。 The evaluation of precise pesticide spraying depends on the effective deposit of the liquid onto the crop. Research on fog drop interception by top layer rice plant during pesticide spraying provides technical data for the optimum design, performance improvements, and correct use of the sprayer. Research also has a wide significance in reasonably spraying pesticide, increasing the pesticide-applying efficiency, reducing pesticide residue and contamination, and ensuring foodstuff safety. A solution of Rhodamine-B mixed with water in 0.1% concentration was used instead of a pesticide to spray rice fields. Rice plant leaves were collected along the altitude direction of rice growth in three layers using a sampling frame. The deposit of spraying fog drop on rice plant in every layer was measured by means of a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The method of quantatively analyzing the effect of fog drop interception by top layer rice leaves on the deposit of spraying fog drop was first put forward in this paper. Tests were conducted in early season and late season rice fields. Results showed that when the rice plant was bedded in three layers, above 40 cm, between 20～40 cm and between 5～20 cm above the ground, the proportional factors of top layer rice aroplets interception to mid layer rice fog drop deposit, bottom layer rice aroplets deposit and to ground fog drop loss were -0.6615(and -0.7493 for early season rice), -0.3386(and -0.2511 for early season rice) and -1.1441, respectively. The nonuniformity coefficient of fog drop deposit was defined and studied. A conclusion was reached that top layer rice fog drop interception could not improve the uniformity of aroplets deposition of the mid layer or bottom layer.

关 键 词： 水稻 农药喷洒 截留 均匀性

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]