作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 北京化工大学

出　　处： 《现代化工》 2003年第9期8-12,共5页

摘　　要： 综述了常见的生物能源如燃料酒精、生物柴油和生物制氢的应用和开发现状。对以淀粉和纤维素为原料的发酵制燃料酒精技术进行了比较,对木糖基因工程菌的构建及发酵工艺的国外新进展进行了讨论。分析了生物柴油的各种制备方法包括化学法和酶法的特点,特别是对酶法制备生物柴油进行了全面总结。对微生物制氢的菌种和不同制备工艺进行了技术经济评价。指出以纤维素为原料通过基因工程菌发酵制备燃料酒精,酶法制备生物柴油及利用有机废水进行微生物制氢可能成为新型生物能源的发展方向。 The applications and development of biotechnology in energy production such as conversion of biomass to biofuel ethanol,production of biodiesel by the enzymatic method and production of hydrogen gas by microorganisms are reviewed.Different raw materials including cellulose and starch for ethanol fermentation are compared,and some new methods,for instance,recombinant xylose microorganisms are also discussed.Methods for biodiesel production such as the chemical transesterification and enzymatic catalysis are reviewed,especially different enzymatic methods for the biodiesel synthesis are summarized and they are of low energy consumption and without pollution.Different methods for hydrogen production by microorganisms are discussed and hydrogen production from organic wastewater is promising.The discussions show that these renewable bioenergy will play an important role in the sustainable development of the whole world.

关 键 词： 生物能源 可再生能源 燃料酒精 生物柴油 生物制氢

领　　域： [动力工程及工程热物理]