作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中央研究院欧美研究所

出　　处： 《国际法研究》 2014年第2期5-32,共28页

摘　　要： 《南海各方行为宣言》是中国与东盟各国于2002年11月4日签署的一份重要文件。该《宣言》是否构成国际法上的"协议",菲律宾提出南海仲裁的作法是否违背该《宣言》中的约定与承诺,应该是仲裁法庭考量"菲律宾诉中国案"之管辖权问题的重要因素。事实上,作为中国与东盟国家所"同意"签署的兼具政治与法律性质的文件,该《宣言》是《联合国海洋法公约》第280条与第281条所指的协议的一种,具有约束力。据此,菲律宾有义务按照《宣言》第4段之要求履行通过"友好磋商与协商"来处理南海争端的承诺,其提出仲裁的作法严重违反中国与东盟国家自签署《宣言》后十几年来的集体承诺,违反国际法有关"禁反言"和"诚信"之原则。 The Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea( ' DOC') is an important instrument signed by China and many other Member States of ASEAN on November 4,2002.Whether the DOC is an ' agreement' with binding force under international law,and,whether the Philippines' action to initiate the arbitral proceedings against China is a breach of the commitment in the DOC,are both legal questions should be intensively considered by the Arbitral Tribunal to address its jurisdiction over the arbitration case filed by the Philippines.Actually,the DOC should be treated as an 'agreement' with both political implications and legal binding force in accordance with Article 280 and Article 281 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.Therefore,the Philippines does have the commitment to settle disputes through 'friendly consultations and negotiations' as specified in paragraph 4 of the DOC.Consequently,the arbitral proceedings against China initiated by the Philippines is illegal,which has violated the substantive treaty commitments and the collective promises since over ten years ago,and violated the basic principles of 'estoppel' and 'good faith' in international law.

关 键 词： 中国南海 仲裁 南海各方行为宣言 联合国海洋法公约 管辖权

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]