作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院外国语言学与应用语言学系

出　　处： 《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》 2003年第4期73-80,共8页

摘　　要： 表示人的家族系位称号的姓,是标志人类群体的一种特殊语言代码。中国是世界上第一个用姓氏来对祖先表示敬意的国家,而现代史上英语姓的发展速度最快,对英汉姓的起源和发展所进行的语源学、语义学和社会语言学研究揭示:英汉姓的语义取向在很多方面有着共同之处。这种共性基于人类的共同性和共知原则。与此同时,在不同部落、社会、历史、文化、意识形态、宗教、传统、审美观、价值观和社会习俗等因素的影响下,英汉姓的语义取向也存在着一些差异。这些差异构成了英汉姓的语义取向的民族特征。 The surname acts as a special literal code of one's family system. In sociolinguists' opinion, the surname represents its holder's family and a certain social structure, and helps identify different members in the structure. As far as its occurrence, evolution and development are concerned, the surname has undergone three historic stages: totem, drawing and character, which, in sociologists' eyes, correspond with three social conformations: clan, tribe and society. The anthroponomastic research discloses to a greater extent that the surname has its special meaning and it not only shows its inventor's conceptions,ideology, culture, religions, social customs and characteristics, but also contains some implications of social changes and different ways of thinking. It directly or indirectly shows the national history and culture. Historically, the Chinese were the first to adopt surnames to honor their forebears while the English surname, which came into being comparatively later, develops fastest in the modern times. The etymological and sociolinguistic research into English and Chinese surnames of various kinds indicates that, although they belong to different language systems, they share lots of similarities in their surnames' semantic orientations, which results from their human nature and commonsense knowledge. It is easy to see that plenty of English and Chinese surnames are derived from the names of living areas, housing locations, working places, local places with certain geographic features, occupations, older generations or seniorities, official positions or status, celebrities, tribes, religions, immigrations, animals or plants. Nevertheless, English and Chinese forebears lived in different tribes or areas and they were greatly influenced by various elements, which contributed to their differences in tribes, society, politics, economy, history, culture, ideology, religion, tradition, aesthetic view, values and social customs. Such differences bring on their own nationalized features of surnames' semanti

关 键 词： 姓 语义取向 民族特征

领　　域： [语言文字]