作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 扬州大学农学院植物保护系

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2003年第4期681-687,共7页

摘　　要： 采用脉冲抽样法调查 ,将两年的田间飞虱每日被捕食量与捕食性天敌密度的资料分为有水和无水两组 ,分析了两种条件下飞虱被捕食量、被捕食百分率与蜘蛛密度、飞虱平均拥挤度的关系 ,并在室内模拟有水和无水分别进行了拟水狼蛛 ( Pirata subpiraticus)和食虫瘤胸蛛 ( Oedothorax insecticeps)对褐飞虱 ( N ila-parvata lugens Sta。l)的捕食功能反应。结果表明 :飞虱被捕食百分率随飞虱平均拥挤度增加而呈递减趋势 ;在同一飞虱平均拥挤度时 ,有水时飞虱被捕食量大于无水 ;有水时飞虱被捕食量与水狼蛛密度呈二次抛物线型关系 ,水狼蛛密度在每穴 1 .4头时 ,飞虱被捕食量最大 ;无水时飞虱被捕食量与水狼蛛密度呈线型关系 ;两种条件下飞虱被捕食量与微蛛密度的关系不明显。室内功能反应同样证实了水狼蛛在有水时的捕食量大于无水 ,前者比后者高 1 .5倍 ,而食虫瘤胸蛛无明显差异。 The daily predation of spiders to planthopper in paddy field was estim ated during 2000-01 using the method called pulse sampling (i.e. calculating th e number of planthopper preyed during time t to tΔt, based on the diffe rence be tween the planthopper number at time t and tΔt). Planthopper numbers w ere reco rded by killing with the insecticide (dichlorvos), and investigation was conduct ed successively for several days. In order to estimate daily predation, several supplementary experiments were also carried out. Daily predation was estimated b y using the following formula: Y t =(N t H t M t)-(N t1P t E t D t)〓〓 Where Y t was the planthopper predated during time t to tΔt, N t and N t1 were the planthopper numbers at time t and tΔt, re spectively; H t was the number of planthopper nymph hatched during time t to tΔt; Mt was the number of planthoppers immigrated during time t to tΔt; P t was the number of the planthopper died due to parasitism dur ing time t to tΔt; E t and D t were the number of planthoppers e migrated and natural death during time t to tΔt, respectively. The rel ationships of between number of planthopper preyed (NPP), percentage of planthop per preyed (PPP), and with spider density were constructed by using several math ematical models. In addition, functional responses of Pirata subpiraticus an d Oedothorax insecticeps to planthopper in presence and absence of water wer e also determined in laboratory. The results showed that PPP decreased with the increase o f mean crowding of planthopper. At the same crowding, NPP was higher in presence of water than in absence of water. The relationship between NPP and Pirata ja ponicus density in presence of water was fitted by a parabola. NPP was maximum whe n the Pirata japonicus density was 1.4 per hill, but the above relationship was linear when there was no water on the field. Influence of water on NPP by Micr yphantidae was not clear. The functional response experiments showed higher NP P of Pirata subpirati

关 键 词： 稻田 水 捕食者 捕食量 蜘蛛 捕食功能 飞虱 农业害虫 天敌

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]