作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 杭州师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2002年第11期1850-1858,共9页

摘　　要： 用恒温 (2 4、2 7、3 0和 3 3℃ )和波动温度 (平均 2 6.1℃ ,范围 2 0 .1～ 3 2 .7℃ )孵化虎斑颈槽蛇 (Rhabdophistigrinuslateralis)卵 ,检测热环境对孵化期、孵化成功率和孵出幼体的影响。孵化热环境显著影响孵化期、孵化成功率和胚胎畸形率 ,对孵出幼体性别无显著影响。孵化期随孵化温度升高而缩短 ,2 4、2 7、3 0和 3 3℃的平均孵化期分别为 45 .0、3 2 .7、2 7.3和 2 6.0 d,波动温度的平均孵化期为 3 7.9d。3 3℃孵化成功率最低 (1 6.7% ) ,胚胎畸形率最高 (1 0 0 % )。孵出幼体总性比 (雌性 /雄性 =0 .6)不显著偏离 1 :1。孵出幼体的尾长显示两性异形 ,雄性尾长大于雌性 ;其它被检幼体特征无显著的两性差异。 2 4、2 7和 3 0℃以及波动温度孵出幼体的所有被检指标均无显著差异。 3 3℃孵出幼体的体重和个体大小小于其它热环境中孵出的幼体 ,并特征性地具有较小的躯干、较大的剩余卵黄。 3 3℃中胚胎发育的能耗显著大于其它热环境中胚胎发育的能耗。 3 3℃孵出幼体的灰分含量较低 ,但孵出卵卵壳较重。 3 3℃孵出幼体不能运动 ;其它热环境中孵出的幼体在跑道上表现良好 ,这些幼体的不间断运动的最大距离、每分钟运动距离和每分钟停顿次数无显著的差异。结果表明 ,持续将虎斑颈槽蛇卵暴露在 3 3℃? We incubated Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis eggs laid by 12 females at constant (24, 27, 30, and 33 ℃) and fluctuating (mean = 26.1 ℃, range=20 1～32 7 ℃) temperatures to assess the effects of thermal environments on incubation length, hatching success, and hatchling traits. Eggs were incubated at the same moisture level (2 g water / 1 g vermiculite; producing approximately\|12 kPa water potential in different thermal environments in plastic containers (250mm×180mm×70mm) that were covered with a perforated plastic membrane. Eggs were 1/3\|buried in the substrate, with the surface near the embryo exposed to air inside the container. We weighed containers daily and, if necessary, added water to the vermiculite to compensate for small evaporative losses and water absorbed by eggs. Eggs were weighed at 5\|day intervals. Upon emergence, each hatchling was weighed, examined for locomotor performance, and then killed by freezing to -15 ℃ for later studies. Because locomotor performance is highly sensitive to changes in body temperature in reptiles, we conducted trials at constant body temperature of 30 ℃. Body temperature of hatchlings was controlled by placing them in an incubator at 30 ℃. Locomotor performance was assessed by chasing hatchlings along a round racetrack of which the circumference was 1.92 m, which allowed vertical filming with a digital video camera. Videotapes were examined for time specific number of stops, time specific locomotor distance, and maximum continuous locomotor distance traveled without stopping during the entire trial. The frozen hatchlings were later thawed for data collection. Sex of hatchlings was determined by pressing on both sides of the tail base using forceps for the presence or absence of hemipenes. SVL (snout vent length) and tail length were measured for each hatchling. After taking the measurements, each hatchling was separated into carcass, fat bodies, and residual yolk. The three components were dried in an oven at 65 ℃ to constant mass, and then

关 键 词： 热环境 虎斑颈槽蛇卵 孵化期 孵化成功率 孵出幼体 性别

领　　域： [生物学]