作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院工程热物理研究所

出　　处： 《化工进展》 2014年第8期2004-2011,共8页

摘　　要： 氢气作为一种高效、清洁的能量载体,被视为21世纪最具发展潜力的能源。氢的储存是氢能规模化应用的关键,相比于物理储氢,化学储氢更加高效安全。常用的化学储氢方式主要有金属氢化物、配位氢化物、有机液体氢化物等。本文综述了上述3种主要储氢方式的研究进展并指出存在的问题。金属氢化物中,如新近发现的多相R-Mg-Ni系储氢合金储氢量较高,价格低廉,但其仍存在过于稳定、加/脱氢动力学性能差等问题;配位氢化物含有丰富的轻金属元素,储氢密度较高,但存在可逆循环性能差的问题,限制了其应用;液体有机物储氢量高,还可以同汽油一样在常温常压下运输,且环己烷、苯等液体有机储氢介质均为工业上可以大规模生产的化学品,如果能开发出高稳定性、高转化率和高选择性的脱氢催化剂,将大幅度推动氢能规模化应用。 As a high-efficient and clean energy carrier,hydrogen is regarded as the most potential energy in the 21th century. The key to large-scale hydrogen applications is hydrogen storage. Compared to physical hydrogen storage,chemical hydrogen storage is more efficient and safer. There exist three main chemical hydrogen storage technologies,which are metal hydrides,complex hydrides and organic liquid hydrides. The research progresses of these technologies were briefly reviewed. R-Mg-Ni type hydrogen storage alloy is a cheap alloy with high capacity found in recent years,but they are still too stable,and their hydrogenation/ dehydrogenation performances are poor. Complex hydrides are rich in light metal elements so that they can store large quantities of hydrogen. But their reversible cycling performances are often too poor which limit their applications. Organic liquid hydrides not only have high hydrogen storage capacity,but also can be transported as gasoline at ordinary temperature and pressure. Furthermore,cyclohexane,benzene and other organic hydrogen storage medium can be produced in the industry of large scale. If dehydrogenation catalysts with good stability,high activity and large selectivity are developed,the large-scale application of hydrogen will be promoted substantially.

关 键 词： 氢 化学反应 金属氢化物 配位氢化物 有机液体氢化物 催化

领　　域： [化学工程]