作　　者： ; ; (王永丽）; (王爱民）; (余祥勇）;

机构地区： 广东海洋大学水产学院

出　　处： 《基因组学与应用生物学》 2015年第9期1887-1895,共9页

摘　　要： 本研究应用19对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)微卫星引物,分析企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)涠洲岛野生群体和养殖群体的遗传多样性。结果显示,19个微卫星位点在野生和养殖群体中的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为4.0和3.0,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为3.255 5和2.803 5,群体平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.548 5,说明企鹅珍珠贝群体的多态性水平较高。野生群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.679 8,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.674 9,平均Shannon's多样性信息指数(I*)为1.197 9;养殖群体的Ho、He和I*则分别为0.554 8、0.551 1和0.900 1,说明涠洲岛野生群体的遗传多样性要高于养殖群体。各座位平均遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.038 9,平均基因流(Nm)为6.177 5,说明涠洲岛野生群体和养殖群体间基因交流较频繁,群体遗传分化很小。采用通径分析法探讨涠洲岛野生和养殖群体的壳长、腹缘壳高和垂直壳高对壳宽的决定效应,以探索形态性状与分子标记的关联。结果显示野生群体壳长对壳宽的直接影响最大,养殖群体垂直壳高对壳宽性状的直接作用最大。将三个指标与腹缘壳高的比值进行比较,以消除两个群体年龄差异造成的误差,结果显示涠洲岛野生群体的壳长/腹缘壳高值(0.701 6)明显低于养殖群体(1.077 9),可作为SSR分子标记的有力补充用于快速鉴别企鹅珍珠贝野生群体和养殖群体。 Genetic diversity among cultivated population and wild population of Pteria penguin was studied by microsatellite analysis technology, with 19 pairs of microsatellite primers from Pinctada martensii. In these microsatellite loci, the number of alleles per locus in wild population ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 4,from 2 to 4 with an average of 3 in cultivated population, respectively. The average numbers of effective allele(Ne) were 3.255 5 in wild population and 2.803 5 in cultivated population. The average polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.548 5. These results indicated that Pteria penguin had high genetic diversity. The wild population had higher average observed heterozygosity(Ho=0.679 8), higher average expected heterozygosity(He=0.674 9)and higher Shannon's diversity index(I*=1.197 9) compared to 0.554 8, 0.551 1, and 0.900 1 in cultivated population,which indicated the wild population from Weizhou island had relatively high genetic diversity than cultivated population. The genetic differentiation coefficient(Fst=0.038 9) and gene flow(Nm=6.177 5) were detected in two populations, which represented the frequent genetic exchanges and small genetic differentiation between two population. The effect of shell length(SL), shell height(SH) and shell tall(ST) on shell width(SW) in Pteria penguin from wild population and cultivated population was studied by path analysis method. The results showed that the greatest direct effect was from shell length(0.553) in wild population and from shell height(0.482) in cultivated population. To eliminate the deviation from age difference between two population, the ratios of three traits to shell tall were compared. The data indicated that the ratio of shell length to shell tall in wild population from Weizhou island(0.701 6) is lower than in cultivated population(1.077 9), which can be used as a powerful supplement of SSR molecular marker in rapid identification of Pteria penguin population.

关 键 词： 企鹅珍珠贝 遗传多样性 微卫星标记 形态性状 通径分析

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]