作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院长春地理研究所

出　　处： 《地理科学》 2002年第5期631-635,共5页

摘　　要： 节水灌溉是干旱、半干旱和半湿润地区发展农业生产提高粮食产量的重要措施 ,经济有效的灌溉管理技术可起到既节水又增产的作用。本项技术是在总结国内外研究成果的基础上 ,把水分土壤作物大气作为一个整体 ,利用物质能量守衡原理建立水量平衡方程。依据测定土壤的物理参数 (土壤容重、田间持水量、凋萎系数、初始土壤含水量 ) ,再结合气象预报的温度、降雨资料 ,用先进的计算方法 ,获得灌溉时间和灌溉定额 ,从而确定合理的灌溉制度。应用实践表明此项技术具有很好的增产和节水作用。 s: Water-saving irrigation is important to develop agriculture and increase yields in the arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas. An economical and effective irrigation management technique can save water and increase yields as well. This technique, based on a summation of researches both in China and abroad, takes moisture content, soil, plant and atmosphere as an integral part of the whole, sets up an water-balance equation by means of the law of conservation of matters energy. The equation is: W soil= F rainfall+ Q irrigation+ W origination- W runoff- W wither- W penetrate- nET cSuch physical parameters as soil unit weight, field capacity, withering parameter, original soil′s water content and etc. were surveyed. The meteorological data as temperature and rainfall from meteorological observation and forecast were obtained. The advanced method is applied to calculate crop′s transpiration. According to the relation between soil′s water content and crop′s transpiration, the irrigation time and amount are obtained. Thereby a proper irrigation system is determined. The application shows that this technique has the very good function to increased corn yield and save water.

关 键 词： 气象测报 灌溉管理 节水灌溉制度 土壤容重 田间持水量 凋萎系数 温度 降水资料

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]