作　　者： ;

机构地区： 肇庆学院

出　　处： 《心理科学》 2016年第3期553-558,共6页

摘　　要： 研究基于解释水平理论,考查心理距离对乐观偏差效应的影响。实验从心理距离的事件概率维度、时间距离维度、空间距离维度入手,采用自编的材料对677名被试进行测量,探讨心理距离的远近对乐观偏差产生的影响。结果表明,被试对未来生活事件的判断存在总体上的乐观偏差。在较远的心理距离条件下,被试表现出更大的乐观偏差;而在较近的心理距离中,乐观偏差效应明显减小。但在时间距离维度以及消极事件的概率维度上,表现出与总体乐观偏差不一致的现象。。 Optimistic bias means that people tend to believe that they are more likely to experience positive events and less likely to experience negative events, which is divided into two sub types： one is the bias to positive events and the another is the bias to negative events. Egocentrism and fatalism are the main psychological cognitive mechanisms to cause optimistic bias. The construal level theory（CLT） is a cognitive theory which could explain how psychological distance affects judgment and decision making. Many researches have shown that people tend to construe psychologically distant objects in terms of high level, abstract representation and construe the same objects in term of low level, detailed representation if the objects are psychologically near. Does the Construal level theory affect the individual’s optimistic bias？ This study tries to investigate the degree of optimistic bias at different psychological distances.Based on Construal Level Theory, this study explored the influence of psychological distance on the optimistic bias effect. The study examined the effects of psychological distance on optimistic bias by conducting the single factor- two levels experiment from three dimensions（event probability, time distance, and space distance） of psychological distance. Through an open questionnaire survey, 94 subjects were pre- measured, and a total of 24 future events were designed for the experiment. In this study, the indirect comparison method was used to evaluate the possibility of the future event occurring in themselves and others. The event probability in the questionnaire expressed as a percentage. The participants were recruited from the students of university, and the ratio of participants’ gender distributed to each dimension is balanced. We collected 677 valid subjects finally by letting every participant finish one of the situational questionnaires randomly. The results showed that： judgment of participants for future life events in all dimensions showed optimism bias. The psyc

关 键 词： 乐观偏差 解释水平理论 心理距离

领　　域： [经济管理] [社会学]