作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国水产科学研究院

出　　处： 《南方农业学报》 2016年第3期483-488,共6页

摘　　要： 【目的】了解珠江口浅海主要经济鱼类资源增殖的生态背景,为开展南海近海海洋生物资源养护工作提供技术支撑。【方法】基于2011~2014年珠江口浅海的调查资料,对鳓鱼（Itisha elongata）、银鲳（Pampus argenteus）、乌鲳（Formio niger）、斑点马鲛（Scomberomorus guttatus）、线纹舌鳎（Cynoglossus lineolatus）、宽体舌鳎（Cynoglossus robustus）、半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）、三线舌鳎（Cynoglossus trigrammus）8种经济鱼类样品的食物关系、营养级、食性类型的季节性差异和营养结构变化进行分析。【结果】珠江口浅海8种经济鱼类可分为3种食性类型：以浮游生物为主,兼食底栖生物和小型游泳动物的食性类型有鳓鱼、银鲳和乌鲳;以底栖生物为主,兼食浮游生物和小型游泳动物的食性类型有线纹舌鳎、宽体舌鳎、三线舌鳎和半滑舌鳎;以小型游泳动物为主,兼食底栖生物和浮游生物的食性类型有斑点马鲛。在营养级方面,珠江口浅海8种经济鱼类按食性可归属于3个营养级：杂食性鱼类属于第二营养级（鳓鱼）,低级肉食性鱼类和中级肉食性鱼类属于第三营养级（银鲳、乌鲳、线纹舌鳎、宽体舌鳎、半滑舌鳎和三线舌鳎）,高级肉食性鱼类属于第四营养级（斑点马鲛）。【结论】桡足类、糠虾类、长尾类（细螯虾）、磷虾类和小型游泳动物（包括幼鱼）在珠江口浅海经济鱼类食物网中发挥重要作用,可以作为该海域中心渔场的生物学指标之一。 【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to understand ecological background field of major commercial fishes enhancement, in order to provide technical support for conservation of marine organism resources in the the South China Sea waters. 【Method】Based on survey data about the Pearl River Estuary shallow waters during 2011-2014,eight species of economical fishes, including Itisha elongata, Pampus argenteus, Fomio niger, Scomberomorus guttatus,Cynoglossus lineolatus, Cynoglossus robustus, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Cynoglossus trigrammus were used as materials,their relationship with food, trophic levels, seasonal difference in food habit types and trophic structure changes were studied. 【Result 】The ecological fishes in the Pearl River Estuary shallow waters could be divided into three food habit types, as follows. The first-type fishes, such as Itisha elongata, P. argenteus and Fomio niger, mainly fed on zooplankton,and concurrently feed on benthic organism and mini swimming animals and benthos. The second-type fishes, such as C.lineolatus, C. robustus, C. semilaevis, and C. trigrammus, mainly fed on benthos, and concurrently fed on zooplankton.The third-type fishes, such as S. guttatus, mainly fed on mini swimming animals, and concurrently fed on benthos and zooplankton. In addition, the commercial fishes in the Pearl River estuary shallow waters were divided into three trophic levels, as follows. Omnivorous fishes belonged to the second trophic level, such as I. elongate; lower carnivorous fishes and intermediate carnivorous fishes belonged to the third trophic level, such as P. argenteus, F. niger, C. lineolatus, C.robustus, C. semilaevis, C. trigrammus; senior carnivorous fishes belonged to the fourth trophic level, such as S. guttatus.【Conclusion 】Copedoda, mysidacea, macrura（Leptochela gracilis）, euphausiacea and mini swimming animals（including fish larva） are important roles in the food webs of commercial fishes in the Pearl River estuary shallow waters, so which were taken

关 键 词： 经济鱼类 食性 饵料生物 生态类群 营养级 珠江口浅海

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]