作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 沈阳农业大学理学院

出　　处： 《沈阳农业大学学报》 2015年第4期456-462,共7页

摘　　要： 为研究居民点空间分布特征与水土流失耦合关系,运用RS和GIS技术以及灰色关联度分析方法,以辽东山区新宾县为研究对象,建立定量表征农村居民点分布特征与水土流失间耦合关系的指标体系,探讨农村居民点分布特征与水土流失之间的耦合关系。结果表明:2010年新宾县水土流失总面积为7.385×104hm2,主要以微度侵蚀、轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀和强度侵蚀为主,中度侵蚀以上的面积占水土流失总面积的29.6%。不同程度的水土流失与农村居民点的分布特征有关,农村居民点越密集,则反映人们活动强度越大,从而对水土流失产生影响越强烈。距离农村居民点1000m范围内水土流失最为严重,强度侵蚀以上等级水土流失比例较高,93.57%的强度侵蚀、93.95%的极强侵蚀和95.02%的剧烈侵蚀分布在该范围内。采用灰色关联度分析居民点分布特征和水土流失之间的耦合关系可知,斑块密度对水土流失的影响为正向性的,随着斑块密度的不断增大,水土流失面积有所降低,斑块个数、景观形状指数、平均斑块面积、平均斑块维度、聚集度和居民点规模等6个指标因子对水土流失面积的影响为负向性的,指标值的上升会增加水土流失面积。在微度和轻度侵蚀区的水土流失面积为174286.96hm2,占水土流失总面积的70.31%;农村居民点面积为630.27hm2,占农村居民点总面积的11.00%。居民点的聚集度、斑块密度和平均斑块面积较低,导致人类的活动范围扩大,对该地区的植被和土壤产生影响强度虽然很低,但范围却扩大很多,从而增加了水土流失的面积。 For the study of coupling relationship between settlement distribution and watersoil loss, by RSGIS technology and grey correlation method, index system was built that represented coupling relationship between rural settlement distribution character and watersoil loss in puantity in Xinbin County in the east of Liaoning Province. The concolusions are as following.First, the total area of watersoil loss was 7.385 ×104hm2in Xinbin county in 2010, in which mainly was micro erosion, mild erosion, medium erosion and serious erosion. And 29.6% was above medium erosion. Second, watersoil loss of different levels was related to rural settlement distribution character. The more densely populated rural settlements, the greater activity intensity and the stronger impact on water soil loss. The most serious watersoil loss distributes within 1000 m from settlements, where above serious erosion is higher. There is 93.57% serious and 93.95% strong and 95.02% severe erosion in the range. Finally,using grey correlation analysis of the coupling relationship between watersoil loss and settlement distribution character, patch density positively influences on watersoil loss. With the continuous increase of patch density, soil erosion area is reduced.Watersoil loss is influenced negatively by patch number, landscape shape index, mean patch area, average patch dimension,degree of aggregation and area of settlements. The watersoil loss area in micro and mild erosion is 174286.96hm2 and reaches70.31% of the total watersoil loss area and 11% of total settlement area. Lower degree of aggregation, patch density and mean patch area cause enlarged range of human activities, which seldom impacts vegetation and soil but increases the surface area of watersoil loss.

关 键 词： 灰色关联度 水土流失 农村居民点特征 耦合关系

领　　域： [理学] [理学]