作　　者： ; ; ; ; (刘升蛟）;

机构地区： 中国农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处： 《农业工程学报》 2015年第10期152-160,共9页

摘　　要： 灰水足迹从稀释水量的角度评价水污染的总体程度,直观反映了粮食生产对区域水环境的影响。为评估粮食生产对区域环境的负面影响,该文以洞庭湖粮食主产区35个县（市、区）为案例区,应用灰水足迹理论,分析了1994-2012年粮食生产灰水足迹的时空变化特征,以水环境压力（water environment pressure,WEP）和离散型灰色（discrete grey model）DGM（1,1）模型为支撑建立了多年平均径流量情景下粮食生产对水环境负面影响的评价方法,评价了2015年和2020年县域尺度粮食生产灰水足迹的环境效应。结果表明：1）1994-2012年洞庭湖区粮食生产部门灰水足迹为273.00-438.08亿m^3,19a平均值为347.65亿m^3。总体上,洞庭湖粮食生产部门灰水足迹经历了先下降后回升的过程;2）洞庭湖各县（市、区）粮食生产部门灰水足迹为1.19-23.61亿m^3,粮食生产灰水足迹为1.06-5.58 m^3/kg;3）未来几年洞庭湖区大多数县（市、区）粮食生产部门灰水足迹呈逐步增高的态势,2015年和2020年全区粮食生产部门灰水足迹总量分别达到431.16和498.54亿m3;4）在多年平均径流量情景下,洞庭湖区因粮食生产导致的水环境压力由1994-2012年均值0.60提高至2015年0.76和2020年0.87,该区域水环境受粮食生产的负面影响持续增强。该文评价结果可为制定农业可持续发展规划及农业产业政策提供参考。 The environmental effect of grain production never fails to attract high attention of researchers and policy makers, especially in the main grain production area in China. The grey water footprint （GWF）, as an indicator of aquatic pollution, is defined as the volume of freshwater required to assimilate the load of pollutants based on existing ambient water quality standards. The theories and methods of the GWF provide a new sight to evaluate environmental effects of grain production on water pollution level. By using the statistics methods, this study presented the past and the future changes of GWFs related to total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and pesticide inputs of grain production at the regional scale. Evaluation method of environmental sustainability of grain production for the ambient water quality under annual average discharge scenario was proposed using regional water environment pressure （WEP） and the discrete grey model DGM（1, 1）. To test the approach, The Dongting Lake area was chosen as the case study area. As the main grain production area in China, high inputs of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and pesticide have been broadly adopted to increase grain yield in this area, and caused serious agricultural non-point source pollution which has been recognized as a major contributor to water quality degradation. In this area excessive nitrogen and phosphorus have become important risk factors. The GWFs of the grain production showed a large variation among different counties from 1994 to 2012. Regional annual average GWF of grain production industry was 1.19-23.61×108m3 at the county level, and the minimum and maximum GWF occurred in Xiangtan City and Xiangtan County, respectively. The GWF of grain production was 1.06-5.58 m^3/kg in the period from 1994 to 2012. The counties which had medium value of the GWF were mostly located around the Dongting Lake. The annual total grey water volume for grain production industry was 273.00-438.08×10^8 m^3 from 1994 to 2012,

关 键 词： 粮食 灌溉 污染 灰水足迹 水环境压力 环境效应评价 洞庭湖区

领　　域： [经济管理] [环境科学与工程]