作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所

出　　处： 《科学通报》 2014年第22期2197-2204,共8页

摘　　要： 应用微生物功能基因芯片（GeoChip 2．0），研究了云南高黎贡山典型阔叶林土壤微生物功能基因的多样性及其主要环境影响因子．该基因芯片含有24243个寡聚核苷酸探针，涵盖了参与碳、氯等生物地球化学循环的151个功能基因群．在5个样地中，共检测到微生物功能基因2237个，涉及12个不同的徽生物生物过程，包括碳降解、碳固定、硫还原、金属还原和抗性、氮固定、硝化、反硝化、污染物降解、磷利用、甲烷还原和甲烷氧化等．各样地土壤微生物的Shannon Weaver指数处于5．39～6．91之间，其中常绿阔叶林土壤微生物的多样性高于针阔混交林．参与碳氨循环的相关功能基因多样性和丰度在样地间存在差异，其中针阔混交林样地具有较高的固碳基因丰度，GLGS15样地具有较高的反硝化相关基因丰度，表明这些微生物介导的生物过程在样地间可能存在明显的差异．CCA分析表明研究样地的土壤有机碳、土壤含水量、土壤温度和植物多样性可能是影响微生物功能基因多样性分布格局的重要环境因素，VPA分析表明土壤含水量、土壤温度和植物多样性对徽生物群落结构分别做了25．79％，25．83％和18．94％的贡献． Soil microorganisms are among the most important ecosystem components, and they play key roles in biogeochemical cycling, such as carbon and nitrogen cycling. Because of limits in methodology, our understanding of the detailed biological processes in soil microbial communities and their functional activity remains limited. In this study, soil microbial functional gene diversity in broadleaf forests on Gaoligongshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China, was analyzed by Geochip 2.0, a microbial functional gene array. The array contained 24243 oligonucleotide probes from over 150 functional gene families that targeted key functional genes involved in various ecological and environmental processes, such as carbon and nitrogen cycling. Thus, it provided rapid, specific, sensitive, and potentially quantitative data on microbial communities and was useful for studying the functional diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in different natural environments. A total of 2273 microbial functional genes involved in carbon degradation, carbon fixation, methane oxidation and production, nitrogen cycling, phosphorus utilization, sulphur cycling, organic remediation, metal resistance, energy process, and other categories were detected in five soil samples, and their Shannon-Weaver indexes ranged from 5.39 to 6.91. The soil microbial diversity and abundance in evergreen broadleaf forest was higher than in coniferous and deciduous broadleaf forests. Fifteen and twelve gene categories involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling were observed, respectively. The diversity and abundance of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling differed among the sampling sites. These results showed that different microbial processes involved in element cycling existed in these soil-sampling sites. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil organic carbon, soil moisture, soil temperature, and plant diversity may be the key environmental variables shaping the microbial community structure. Variation partitioning analysis showed that soil

关 键 词： 基因芯片 土壤微生物 功能基因 物质循环 环境变量

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]